1. Vocal Qualities

2. Vibrato and Straight Tone Vibrato – a slight, variation in pitch when singing to produce a stronger or richer tone. Straight-tone – lack of vibrato when singing. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBbBM52ZcmI

3. Vibrato and Straight Tone Examples: Porgy and Bess – Summertime: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7- Qa92Rzbkhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7- Qa92Rzbk Kat Edmonson – Summertime https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8M2Z23BPOtw

4. Dark versus Bright Tone Dark tone – often more mature voices; deeper/heavier sound; usually visualized further back in the mouth Bright tone – often heard in pop and rock music; resonates in the front part of the facial mask (nose and upper lip region)

5. Dark versus Bright Tone Examples: Bright female - Lucia Popp as Despina in Cosi fan tutte; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJV7vSNoB24 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJV7vSNoB24 Dark female – Cecilia Bartoli in Barber of Seville; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDyXqf0at_w https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDyXqf0at_w Bright male – Juan Diego Florez; Barber of Seville; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIfz8fNQw0U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIfz8fNQw0U Dark male – Williard White as Porgy in Porgy and Bess; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apiq3VN2Ra8

6. Clear and Raspy Tone Clear Tone – breath supports sound; normal healthy tone Raspy – gravely, crackly, sometimes indicates unhealthy vocal folds; Certain breath control and use can produce a raspy tone

7. Clear and Raspy Tone Examples: Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong – Dream A Little Dream of Me; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6TmogXhOZ8

8. Intune and Out of Tune singing If singer is In Tune that means he/she are singing in the correct key with the correct relative pitches If a singer is Out of Tune is means the pitches they are singing are not in the key that the piece is in

9. In tune and Out of tune Singing Examples: Bad American Idol Auditions - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPiGT293sWw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPiGT293sWw In Tune Singing – teacher example

10. Immature and Mature Sound Immature – singers who are younger and do not have as mature vocal folds; younger voices tend to have a higher range, are breathy, and nasally Mature – Mature voices tend to use breath more effectively, have a ‘richer’ tone, and usually (especially males) have a deeper range.

11. Mature and Immature Examples: Immature - Alicia Morton as Annie; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_dBep_55mI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_dBep_55mI Mature – Mamma Who Bore Me – Spring Awakening; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5bwdxuP0Gw

12. Clear versus Unclear Diction Diction – is the clarify of a singer’s text; Can you understand what they are saying? Unclear diction has flat vowels, lack of consonants, and a closed sound

13. Clear Diction and Unclear Diction Examples: Unclear Diction- Ariana Grande – Problem; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQpCuYS41Oo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQpCuYS41Oo Clear Diction – Barenaked Ladies – One Week; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snZcn3Qt1xI

14. Nasal and Throat Tone Nasal tone occurs when sound resonates in the nose and front facial region as well as closed vowels Throat tone occurs when sound resonates further back of the mouth closer to the throat; It usually has a buzzy sound

15. Nasal and Throat Tone Examples: Kristin Chenowith- Wicked- Popular; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsKH2tqoFJ8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsKH2tqoFJ8 Nina Simone – Feelin’ Good; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5Y11hwjMNs

16. Healthy and Unhealthy Singing Healthy singing occurs when the sound is supported by breath and diaphragm, the vocal folds are vibrating and functioning normally, and there is no tension in the throat. Unhealthy singing can occur when there is misuse of the vocal folds. This can happen with screaming, yelling, singing far too high unsupported, or too low unsupported. Think of when you get a cold and you lose your voice or sound hoarse..

17. Healthy and Unhealthy Singing Examples: Unhealthy- Let the Bodies Hit the Floor - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8-sMJZTYf0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8-sMJZTYf0 Unhealthy – All I Want For Christmas – Mariah Carey; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8w_nK7nnngo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8w_nK7nnngo