1. 1 From Last Time Syllabus Text book –Old edition, available cheap on Half.com Extra reading – Crowley available online Extra Credit

2. 2 Top 5 issues for human sustainability 2011 Pollution (13) –global warming (17), water (3), ozone (1) Overpopulation (15) Natural Resources (6) –Fossil fuels (6), water (9), food (7), forests (1), diversity (4), top soil (1) Social Issues –War (13), economy, world debt, jobs (4) Disease (5) Natural Disasters (4) – astroids! Aliens (1)

3. 3 Past Year’s Top 5 3

4. 4 Better from a Distance!

5. 5 What type of storm is this?

6. 6 Hurricane from Space

7. 7 Hurricane(s) from Space Images from NASA 7

8. 8 Jupiter’s atmosphere in motion

9. 9 1. 2005 Season (15 hurricanes!) $160 Billion 2. 2004 Season (6 hurricanes)$45 Billion 3. KATRINA (New Orleans) 3 $85Billion 4. ANDREW (SE FL/SE LA) 1992 5 $48 Billion 5. Charley (FL) 2004 4$16 Billion 6. HUGO (SC) 1989 4 $13 Billion 7. AGNES (FL, NE US) 1972 1$12 Billion RANKING HURRICANE YEAR CATEGORY DAMAGE (USA) Source: NOAA, values in 2006 dollars

10. 10 Lightning

11. 11 Air, Weather, and Climate Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere The Great Weather Engine Weather Climate –El Nino

12. 12 What makes up the air you breath? NITROGEN78.08% OXYGEN20.94% ARGON.934% CARBON DIOXIDE.035%

13. 13 Structure of Earth’s Atmosphere Note: Region of high ozone concentrations forming ozone “layer” 13 Fig. 15.4

14. 14 South Pole

15. 15 The Great Weather Engine! What drives it?

16. 16 Redistribution of heat 16Fig. 15.5

17. 17

18. 18 Fig. 4.3

19. 19 Fig. 15.7 19

20. 20 Fig. 15.9

21. 21 Maximum solar heating X X Polar Jet X X Sub- Tropical Jet Sub- Tropical Jet Similar to Fig. 15.6 21

22. 22 Incoming Solar Radiation (Short Wave)

23. 23 Outgoing Radiation (Long Wave)

24. 24 Incoming, Outgoing and Net Radiation

25. 25 Fig. 15.8 25

26. 26 Fig. 15.11 26

27. 27 Oceanic circulation and climate Water has a high heat capacity One third of the Earth’s heat transport from the equator toward the poles is transported by the ocean! Without the Gulf Stream current, Europe would be 10 – 20 °F colder

28. 28 What drives ocean circulation? Like in the atmosphere, density differences What changes the density of water? –Temperature: colder water is more dense –Salinity: saltier water is more dense

29. 29 The Gulf Stream Current What causes the surface ocean water to move? What happens to the water as it goes through the Caribbean and past Florida? What happens to the water as it goes towards Greenland? Where is most of the ocean’s deep water formed?

30. 30 Thermohaline circulation

31. 31 The End.