1. Remote Features Linked to the South Pacific Subtropical High (hereafter called the “SP high”) Richard Grotjahn Atmospheric Science Program, Dept. of LAWR, Univ. of California Davis, CA 95616, USA

2. Our Prior Work on the SP high Working hypothesis that there are remote connections to the subtropical high Some connections will be visible through the divergent circulation. 3 sources of remote forcing. (1) Hadley and Walker circulations, (2) Rossby wave forcing from East, (3) frontal cyclones

3. Composites of DJF Monthly Anomaly Data: Months of stronger highs minus months of weaker highs show: lower SLP to East (purple) More P (green) West or westward shift of SPCZ Dipole (P) & (OLR) S and SW of high: shift to S. More P North of ICZ East Pacific or Northward shift Enhanced P North of South America Green: significant above (1%) Purple: significant below (1%)

4. 1-pt correlations of Monthly Anomaly Data: P shown, OLR similar. correlation points respond to events on the same side as the correlation point. NW side to ICZ SPCZ NE to ICZ & SA S & SW sides to midlatitudes Blue: significant above (1%) Orange: significant below (1%)

5. Recent Work: daily mean data Data Source: NOAA/CDC (Boulder CO, USA) NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data SLP, U, V U d, V d, Velocity Potential (VP) from NCL commands. Data record: 90-day DJF periods shown (122 day NDJF similar) Drawn from 01/1990 through 08/2002 Goal: Prior work showed remote links now wish to establish cause and effect.

6. Cross-correlation points for SLP & VP

7. SLP lagged autocorrelations lag (L) and lead (R) SLP @ pt-8 correlations (CW: 4, 2, 0, -2, -4d)

8. Velocity Potential (“VP”) lag (L) and lead (R) SLP @ pt-8 correlations (CW: 8, 6, 4, 2, 0, -2, -4,-6 d)

9. V d - Meridional Divergent Wind lag (L) and lead (R) SLP @ pt-11 correlations (CW: 4, 2, 0, -2, -4d)

10. VP cross-correlations for SLP on NE side

11. DWS cross-correlations for SLP max

12. DWS cross-correlations for SLP South side

13. Tentative Conclusions Equatorial and NE side of SP high highly correlated with pressure in equatorial & E Pacific. Stronger SLP on N side of SP high is followed by lower SLP over SE Asia. Stronger SP highs are those SW of the mean position & reinforced by divergent winds from midlatitude cyclones. Weaker E Indonesian convection is followed in a few days by expansion of Amazonian velocity potential (VP) min. and westward shift of the SE Pacific VP maximum. This last item leads a westward migration of higher than normal SLP on equatorial side of SP high. For many points cross spectrum has strong frequency ~40d. (Presumably MJO-like signal, not shown)

14. Divergent Wind Components V d U d

15. Velocity Potential (left) & Divergent Wind Speed (right)

16. SLP lagged autocorrelations lag (L) and lead (R) SLP @ pt-11 correlations (CW: 4, 2, 0, -2, -4d)

17. V d - Meridional Divergent Wind lag (L) and lead (R) SLP @ pt-8 correlations (CW: 4, 2, 0, -2, -4d)