1. Kopier inn et forsidebilde her \\felles\malfiler\powerpoint\forsider.ppt CO2 capture and storage from an environmental perspective Eivind Hoff Bellona Europa 9 February 2009

2. CCS from environmental perspective Contents  The role for CCS in combating climate change  Norwegian experience  How do we deploy CCS?

3. CCS from environmental perspective Contents  The role for CCS in combating climate change  Norwegian experience  How do we deploy CCS?

4. CCS from environmental perspective The proper role for CCS (I): Bridge to the renewable economy

5. CCS from environmental perspective The proper role for CCS (II): Absorbing CO2 from the air

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7. CCS from environmental perspective Contents  The role for CCS in combating climate change  Norwegian experience  How do we deploy CCS?

8. CCS from environmental perspective Sleipner  Since 1996, 1 million tonnes CO 2 /year stored from gas field  CO 2 behaves according to models

9. CCS from environmental perspective The Norwegian “Apollo project”  Fossil-fuel fired power plants without CCS banned in practice  Gassnova: State-owned public limited company  Test Centre Mongstad: 80% Gassnova (will try dilute), 20% StatoilHydro  New gas plant: 280MW power+350MW heat, 1.8mt CO 2  Existing oil refinery (gas from cracker = coal flue gas)  Kårstø (gas power – 420MW, 1.2mt CO 2 ): 100% Gassnova  Full capture and storage by 2014  Both state aid schemes accepted by EFTA Surveillance Authority  Norwegian recovery package: Funding for Gassnova increased

10. CCS from environmental perspective Contents  The role for CCS in combating climate change  Norwegian experience  How do we deploy CCS?

11. CCS from environmental perspective How do we deploy CCS?  Regulation of storage (done)  Make CCS commercially viable (not done) 10-12 plants 100 plants ?

12. CCS from environmental perspective EU emission allowance price volatility

13. CCS from environmental perspective Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) not enough  Lord Adair Turner (Chairman of the UK’s Committtee on Climate Change) “We have to almost totally decarbonise the power sector by 2030, well before 2050.”  1 Dec report of the Committee: EU ETS needs to be 'buttressed' by other policies and measures because there is a risk the ETS alone will not ensure coal is abated.  A policy is needed now that guarantees all coal plants ('new' and 'old') have either full CCS in the early 2020s (by the latest 2025) or are closed.  What will be UK government response?  What about Hunterston?

14. CCS from environmental perspective A regulatory roadmap to ban fossil fuel power generation without CCS  Emission limit values for SO 2 (acid rain) have massively reduced pollution  California introduced 2007 an emission performance standard equivalent to max 498g CO 2 per kWh generated  500g/kWh supported by EP environment committee 7 October 2008  Supported by Netherlands and Denmark in Council  New directive for industrial emissions (“IPPC” – Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control) – why not emission limit value for our most dangerous pollutant?  Roadmap needed towards 150g CO 2 per kWh  New permits must contain clause on respecting an emission limit value (cf US Climate Action Partnership) at a given date in future

15. CCS from environmental perspective

16. EUs klima- og energipakke Thank you for your attention! eivind@bellona.org www.bellona.org/ccs