1. Digital Health & Wellness Jessica Sharkey, David Palmer, and Eric Schoonard

2. Ergonomics

3. Muscular Skeletal Problems Muscle strains and low back injuries Elbow problems Carpal tunnel syndrome Rotator cuff injuries Tendinitis Trigger finger

4. Jobs with Muscular Skeletal Problems Assemblers and fabricators Stock clerks and order fillers Light truck or delivery services drivers Maintenance and repair workers Production workers Retail salespersons Maids and housekeeping cleaners Police and officers Firefighters Nursing assistants Laborers Janitors and cleaners Heavy and tractor- trailer truck drivers Registered nurses First-line supervisors of retail sales workers

5. Internet addiction and psychological well-being

6. Survey Says… US students over 8 years old spend an average of 6.43 hours per day on electronic media (Yang, Helgason, Sigfusdottir, & Kristjansson, 2013)

7. Higher levels of internet associated with lower levels of well-being Loneliness; Self-isolation Emotional Health: Depression; Low self-esteem Social discomfort; poor social adaptation and social skills; communication with peers Poor coping skills Findings 1

8. Higher levels of internet usage equates with lower levels of well-being Diminished impulse control –(need for instant gratification) Aggressive Behavior (violent gaming) Teens are becoming less independent because parents can always access their children. (essential to finding one’s identity) Findings 2

9. Impacts on the Brain Only the left side of the brain is used when a person is texting and interacting with a computer screen. Brain is still “under construction” Brain develops by stimulation-Neuroplasticity Right side of brain isn’t getting the stimulation it needs to develop

10. Impacts on the Brain Attention Deficit Disorder: –Need for constant entertainment –Inability to delay gratification Brain is on overload –can’t process all the information Decrease in ability to feel empathy –don’t see how what they do effects others

11. Social and Emotional Effects

12. Conflicting Research Internet usage has a positive effect on socialization and self-concept (Desjarlais & Willoughby, 2010)(Mathers et al., 2009) Other studies show that computer usage has a negative effect on these same areas (Heim, Brandtzaeg, Kaare, Endestad, & Torgersen, 2007)

13. We all know … TV is bad Several studies link excessive TV and video games in children to… –Attention problems –Lower long-term educational outcomes –Increased substance abuse –Higher rates of obesity –Lower cognition function for children. (Kappos, 2007) But can we trust the research?

14. New massive study in Iceland (n=10,829) Five different types of internet use: –TV/VCR/DVD – Internet computer games – Non-internet computer games – Internet chatting / social media – Other computer use

15. New massive study in Iceland (n=10,829) Five questions of negative wellbeing –Feeling sad with little interest in doing things –Little appetite –Felt lonely –Cried easily or wanted to cry –Had sleeping problems –Felt sad or blue –Felt that the future was hopeless

16. Findings 1 Students who were on electronics 4+ hours a day were 2-5 times more likely to experience negative indicators

17. Findings 2 Girls were significantly more affected by increased use (although they were less likely to use in excess)

18. Findings 3 No one area of computer use had more of an effect than another and This was merely correlational findings not causational (Yang et al., 2013)

19. Multitasking Does it have side effects?

20. Discovery Girls Study (Pea et al., 2012) Research question: How does media and media multitasking affect feelings of social success and social wellbeing?

21. Finding 1 Older girls multitask more

22. Finding 2 Media multitasking was associated with: Less social success Not feeling normal Sleeping less And fewer parent-approved friends

23. Finding 3 Face-to-face communication was associated with: More social success Greater feelings of normalcy Sleeping more And more parent-approved friends

24. Two Quotes “People who frequently interact with people face to face seem to feel less need to use other media while doing so.” “Even media meant to facilitate interactions between children, are associated with unhealthy social experiences.”

25. Possible Solutions 1 Establish rules: have conversation about concerns, appropriate usage, time allotted Embrace the media world: Be involved and aware of what teens are doing online Teach teenagers what’s appropriate and inappropriate regarding social media Be a role model: adults are often glued to computers/phones as well

26. Possible Solutions 2 Teach empathy, which some lack due to technology Encourage other interests besides technology Balance brain usage Take breaks from being on computer Awareness of Cyberbullying, Cybersex and sexting on well-being

27. Apps to promote healthy usage Self-Control Time Out Rescue Time

30. Summary 1.Research is trailing digital ecology 2.TV Internet / Smart-life 3.Moderate use vs. Excessive use 4.Gender effects: genetic or environmental?

31. Bibliography Akin, A., Iskender, M. (2011) Self-Compassion and Internet Addiction. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, Volume 10 (3), 215-221 Ayas, Tuncay. (2012)The Relationship between Internet and Computer Game Addiction Level and Shyness among High School Students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice. Educational Consultancy and Research Center. www.edam.com.tr/estpwww.edam.com.tr/estp Cain, N., & Gradisar, M. (2010). Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: A review. Sleep Medicine, 11(8), 735–42. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.02.006 Cardak, M. (2013). Psychological well-being and internet addiction among university students. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, Volume 12 (3), 134-141 Desjarlais, M., & Willoughby, T. (2010). A longitudinal study of the relation between adolescent boys and girls’ computer use with friends and friendship quality: Support for the social compensation or the rich-get-richer hypothesis? Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), 896–905. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.02.004 Eksi, Fusun. (2012) Examination of Narcissistic Personality Traits’ Predicting Level of Internet Addiction and Cyber Bullying through Path Analysis. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice. Educational Consultancy and Research Center. www.edam.com.tr/estpwww.edam.com.tr/estp Heim, J., Brandtzaeg, P. B., Kaare, B. H., Endestad, T., & Torgersen, L. (2007). Children’s usage of media technologies and psychosocial factors. New Media & Society, 9(3), 425–454. doi:10.1177/1461444807076971 Ives, E., Peters, M., Truesdell, E. (2010) iGeneration: The Social Cognitive Effects of Digital Technology on Teenagers. San Rafael, CA. Kappos, A. D. (2007). The impact of electronic media on mental and somatic children’s health. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 210(5), 555–62. doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.07.003 Mathers, M., Canterford, L., Olds, T., Hesketh, K., Ridley, K., & Wake, M. (2009). Electronic media use and adolescent health and well-being: cross-sectional community study. Academic Pediatrics, 9(5), 307–14. doi:10.1016/j.acap.2009.04.003 Pea, R., Nass, C., Meheula, L., Rance, M., Kumar, A., Bamford, H., … Zhou, M. (2012). Media use, face-to- face communication, media multitasking, and social well-being among 8- to 12-year-old girls. Developmental Psychology, 48(2), 327–36. doi:10.1037/a0027030 Yang, F., Helgason, A. R., Sigfusdottir, I. D., & Kristjansson, A. L. (2013). Electronic screen use and mental well-being of 10-12-year-old children. European Journal of Public Health, 23(3), 492–8. doi:10.1093/eurpub/cks102