1. What are the similarities and the differences between these characters?

2. Privation occurs if children never have the opportunity to form an attachment; The children lack almost all types of socialisation. You need to know – What he effects of Privation are and whether negative effects can be put right – if such problems are reversible

3. PRIVATION Privation refers to situations where children do not form an attachment with anyone. Evidence: brain scans of severely privated children show physical differences in their brain structure. Psychological abnormality / permanent physical and psychological effects.

4. THE EFFECTS OF PRIVATION (FAILURE TO FORM ATTACHMENT) TWO CASE HISTORIES OF CHILDREN RAISED IN EXTREME ISOLATION CASE STUDY 1: THE CZECH TWINS Koluchova (1972) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tcwu- Eh9hwE&list=PLonk3U7JP4obAkR_FpfoWQlc4ENGTmQgh&index=9

5. CASE STUDY 2: GENIE Curtiss (1977) reported the case study of Genie. Her father assumed Genie was mentally retarded and insisted that she spent all of her childhood locked in a room at her home in Los Angeles under conditions of extreme restraint. Genie was kept harnessed on an infant’s potty during the day and at night she was confined in a homemade sleeping bag, fashioned like a straight-jacket, and lay in an infant’s crib covered with wire mesh. She received minimal care from her mother, was fed only infant food and was punished by her father if she made any sound. https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=yGYGkR BcTc0

6. What effect did privation have? She was found at the age of 13 but appeared 6 or 7 years old. Genie could not stand upright and had no social skills. She did not understand language and could not speak. Genie was given a considerable amount of education and assistance in the years after she was found. She developed a fairly large vocabulary but generally spoke in short, ungrammatical sentences, and did not understand grammatically complex sentences. Her social skills remained limited and she seemed uninterested in people - she didn’t reject them but treated them as inanimate objects. She remains in institutional care.

7. Come up with six essential bullet points on Hodges and Tizard’s study.

8. THE EFFECTS OF INSTITUTIONALISATION AND PRIVATION: CONCLUSIONS Most of the longitudinal studies into the effects of privation in institutions show that children who have suffered from this form of privation do tend to suffer from emotional maladjustment, certainly when compared with children who have not suffered from privation. Case studies into the effects of privation are less conclusive. Some show recovery is possible, others suggest it is not. The key factors appear to be the age at which the privation stops and the quality of care provided afterwards.