1. The Electoral Process 1.The Nominating Process 2. Elections 3. Money and Elections 4. Chapter 7 quiz

2. Goals & Objectives 1.Nomination process & democracy. 2.5 Methods of Nomination. 3.Direct Primary Importance. 4.State law and nomination process. 5.Australian Ballot & Electronic Voting. 6.Money & Elections. 7.PAC’s, 527’s & Elections. 8.FEC laws and regulations & elections. 9.Loopholes in finance laws.

3. The Nominating Process  Steps to Political Office:  1. Nomination  Voters have two choices:  Democrats or Republicans  America’s two-party system  The Power of the Party in Nomination  5 Ways/Methods to be Nominated for election

4. 5 Ways to Nominate 1. Self-announcement: Write-ins 2. Caucus 3. Convention 4. Direct Primary 5. Petition: Independents

5. Self Announcement Oldest Form Oldest Form Small towns and communities Small towns and communities Loser ’ s of the two-party system Loser ’ s of the two-party system Pat Buchanan leaves GOP 3 rd Party Pat Buchanan leaves GOP 3 rd Party George Wallace leaves the DEM ’ s for the American Independent Party George Wallace leaves the DEM ’ s for the American Independent Party Ross Perot and Arnold Schwarzenegger were self- announcement candidates Ross Perot and Arnold Schwarzenegger were self- announcement candidates

6. Self-Announcement and Local Elections

7. The Caucus Small groups of like-minded people within a party make the selection of candidates Small groups of like-minded people within a party make the selection of candidates

8. Caucus Nominations

9. The Convention First Convention held by a 3 rd party: First Convention held by a 3 rd party: –Anti-Masonic Party 1831 More representative than the Caucus Method of nomination More representative than the Caucus Method of nomination Delegates selected at State level to represent district constituents at convention. Delegates selected at State level to represent district constituents at convention.

10. Conventions & The Nomination Process

11. Direct Primaries An intra-party election. An intra-party election. Types of Direct Primaries: see pg.183 Types of Direct Primaries: see pg.183 –Closed Primary: ONLY declared party members allowed to vote –Open Primary: ANY voter can vote. Public declaration: Alabama Public declaration: Alabama Private declaration Private declaration

12. 2012 Direct Primary & Caucus Incumbency

13. Direct Primaries OPEN v. CLOSED OPEN v. CLOSED CLOSED ADVOCATES: CLOSED ADVOCATES: –Prevents party “ raiding ” –Forces candidates to be “ party people ” –Forces voters to choose between the two parties

14. Closed v. Open Critics of the Closed Party: Critics of the Closed Party: 1. Compromises secrecy (Australian Ballot) 1. Compromises secrecy (Australian Ballot) 2. Excludes Independents from voting. 2. Excludes Independents from voting. 3 rd Party Voters can not vote: 3 rd Party Voters can not vote: Most political parties disallow members to be dual members with other political parties…..RESULTS: Independents are not allowed to vote Most political parties disallow members to be dual members with other political parties…..RESULTS: Independents are not allowed to vote

15. Open Primaries Voters are NOT forced to go public Exclusion of Independents does not exist The potential for “party raiding” exists. Blanket Primary: Louisiana (Wide-Open Primary Ballot)

16. Run-Off & Nonpartisan Primary Run-Off Primary –Absolute winner or run-off –11 states have run-offs (Alabama) –Party-Raiding a big problem in run-off primaries. Explain. Nonpartisan Primary –Municipal and School elections. –Not identified by party labels. –Top 2 candidates proceed to general election.

17. Petition Petition Process: Required number of verified signatures on file: Alabama is 3% of the past election vote count.Petition Process: Required number of verified signatures on file: Alabama is 3% of the past election vote count. –Write-in candidates: Ballot Access Laws/Restrictions: Endorsed by the 2-party system.Ballot Access Laws/Restrictions: Endorsed by the 2-party system.

18. Elections Federal and Constitutional Requirements: FEC & CongressFederal and Constitutional Requirements: FEC & Congress Super Tuesday: first Tuesday after first Monday of NovemberSuper Tuesday: first Tuesday after first Monday of November Secret Ballots: Voting machinesSecret Ballots: Voting machines Absentee Voting:Absentee Voting: Provisional Ballots:Provisional Ballots: Help America Vote Act 2002: uniform (FEC approved/inspected) voting machinesHelp America Vote Act 2002: uniform (FEC approved/inspected) voting machines

19. Coattail Effect

20. Money and Elections  Sources of Funding: 1.Small Contributors: $25 or less (Private) 2.Large Contributors: $100 to thousands (Private) 3.Political Action Committees (PAC’S) (Private) 4.527’s: Temporary interest groups (Private) 5.Government Subsidies: Prime Source of Most Elections  Federal Election Commission: (FEC)  Disclosure of campaign money…..Alabama Lottery  Limits of campaign contributions  Limits on campaign expenses  Public funding

21. Public Money Revenue Act of 1971: Federal Election Campaign Act: Amendments of 74, 76 & Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 Revenue Act of 1971: Federal Election Campaign Act: Amendments of 74, 76 & Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 Buckley v Valeo: 1976 Regulation of public campaign money and spending Buckley v Valeo: 1976 Regulation of public campaign money and spending Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act 2002: close the soft-money loophole. Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act 2002: close the soft-money loophole. Congress has no authority to regulate State and Local election money. Congress has no authority to regulate State and Local election money.

22. Regulation of Campaign Money 1. FEC: Federal Election Commission 1. Timely disclosure of campaign money 2. Limits on contributions. 3. Limits on expenditures. 4. Public funding for presidential elections. 2. Revenue Act of 1971: 1. Income tax return contributions to presidential campaigns: $18.65 MILLION TAX dollars: Why?

23. Regulation & Bureaucracy

24. Hard Money Money given to candidates for office. Money given to candidates for office. Limited by Congress or the FEC: “more loophole than law”

25. Soft Money Money given to parties or PAC ’ s or other groups that donate to political candidates Money given to parties or PAC ’ s or other groups that donate to political candidates BCRA-Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act 2002: Created 527’s? BCRA-Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act 2002: Created 527’s? Many laws limit the amount: Alabama vote NO on the lottery Many laws limit the amount: Alabama vote NO on the lottery  Who donated the money?  Why did they donate the money?  Who accepted the money and why?

26. Bingo Bob & Indian Casinos