1. The Effect of Facial Expressions on Memory of Facial Features Jessica L. Sudlow and M. Martha Ullman

2. Background Rashmi and Srinivasan (2009) Emotional faces vs. neutral faces Holistic face views and short term memory D’Argembeau and Van der Linden (2011) Emotions and information processing Tsukiura and Cabeza (2008) Happy facial expressions and accurate recollection Frowd, Skelton, Atherton, Pitchford, Hepton, Holden, McIntyre, Hancock, and Peter (2012) Accuracy of recall and picture size

3. Demographics Total Participants: 66 Males: 15 Females: 51 Class Ranks Freshmen: 25 Sophomores: 15 Juniors: 18 Seniors: 8 Age: 17 – 24, ( M = 19.3, SD = 1.48)

4. Method Deceptive title “The Effect of Facial Expressions on Math Ability” Participants assigned to one of three groups neutral facial expression smile showing no teeth smile showing teeth Picture of face shown for 20 s

5. Please study the picture.

7. Method(cont.) Distractor task for 60 s Completed Likert scale survey with statements about facial features Measured memory of photograph

8. Please complete the following math problems. You have 60 seconds to complete as many as you can. 2 + 15= _____4 + 16 = _____12 + 7 = _____ 50 - 25= _____17 – 4 = _____18 – 11 = _____ 3 x 7= ______4 x 6 = _____ 8 x 5 = _____ 27 ÷ 3 = _____25 ÷ 5 = _____42 ÷ 7 = ______ 2 + 4 = ______9 + 4 = ______10 + 17 = _____

9. 1. The person in the photograph had brown eyes. Strongly Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree 1--------------------------2--------------------------3--------------------------4--------------------------5 2. The person in the photograph had moles. Strongly Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree 1--------------------------2--------------------------3--------------------------4--------------------------5 3. The person in the photograph had dimples on her cheeks. Strongly Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree 1--------------------------2--------------------------3--------------------------4--------------------------5 4. The person in the photograph was wearing glasses. Strongly Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree 1--------------------------2--------------------------3--------------------------4------------------------ --5 5. The person in the photograph had blonde hair. Strongly Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree 1--------------------------2--------------------------3--------------------------4--------------------------5 6. The person in the photograph was smiling. Strongly Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree 1--------------------------2--------------------------3--------------------------4--------------------------5

10. Results * F (2, 63) = 5.43, p =.007

11. Results F (2, 63) = 128.33, p <.001.

12. Results t (64) = -2.11, p =.039

13. Results t (64) = 2.52, p =.014

14. Discussion Sex differences Quality of photograph used Teeth showing may have been distraction Limitation: distractor task Only one accurate observation

15. References D’Argembeau, A., & Van der Linden, M. (2011). Influence of facial expression on memory for facial identity: Effects of visual features or emotional meaning? Emotion, 11 (1), 199-202. doi: 10.1037/a0022592 Frowd, C. D., Skelton, F., Atherton, C., Pitchford, M., Hepton, G., Holden, L., McIntyre, A. H., Hancock, & Peter J. B. (2012). Recovering faces from memory: The distracting influence of external facial features. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 18 (2), 224-238. doi: 10.1037/a0027393 Rashmi, G., & Srinivasan, N. (2009). Emotions help memory for faces: Role of whole and parts. Cognition and Emotion, 23 (4), 807-816. doi:10.1080/02699930802193425 Tsukiura, T. & Cabeza, R. (2008). Orbitofrontal and hippocampal contributions to memory for face-name associations: The rewarding power of a smile. Neuropsychologia, 46 (9), 2310-2319. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.03.013

16. Questions?