1. ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION 3 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY PART B Cells and Tissues

2. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Adapted to fit our curriculum

3. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Introduction  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1orQkyLp JvQ&feature=fvwrel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1orQkyLp JvQ&feature=fvwrel

4. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cellular Physiology: Membrane Transport  Membrane Transport – movement of substance into and out of the cell  Transport is by two basic methods  Passive transport  No energy is required  Active transport  The cell must provide metabolic energy

5. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Solutions and Transport  Solution – homogeneous mixture of two or more components  Solvent – dissolving medium  Solutes – components in smaller quantities within a solution  Intracellular fluid – nucleoplasm and cytosol  Interstitial fluid – fluid on the exterior of the cell

6. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Selective Permeability  The plasma membrane allows some materials to pass while excluding others  This permeability includes movement into and out of the cell

7. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Passive Transport Processes  Diffusion  Particles tend to distribute themselves evenly within a solution  Movement is from high concentration to low concentration, or down a concentration gradient DIFFUSION ANIMATION Figure 3.9 PRESS TO PLAY

8. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Diffusion animation  http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/cha pter2/animation__how_diffusion_works.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/cha pter2/animation__how_diffusion_works.html

9. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Passive Transport Processes  Types of diffusion  Simple diffusion  Unassisted process  Solutes are lipid-soluble materials or small enough to pass through membrane pores

10. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Passive Transport Processes  Types of diffusion  Osmosis – simple diffusion of water  Highly polar water easily crosses the plasma membrane  Facilitated diffusion  Substances require a protein carrier for passive transport

11. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Osmosis and Tonicity Animation  http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/cha pter2/animation__how_osmosis_works.htmlhttp://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/cha pter2/animation__how_osmosis_works.html

12. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cellular Tonicity and Osmotic Pressure  Solute concentrations of the cellular environment are very important  Osmotic pressure: tendency of a solution to pull water into it  Directly related to concentration of solutes in solution (the higher the solute concentration, the greater the osmotic pressure and the stronger the tendency of water to move into the solution)

13. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

14. Tonicity  See Poster

15. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Diffusion through the Plasma Membrane Figure 3.10

16. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Facilitated Diffusion Animation  http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/cha pter2/animation__how_facilitated_diffusion_ works.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/cha pter2/animation__how_facilitated_diffusion_ works.html

17. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Passive Transport Processes  Filtration  Water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic pressure  A pressure gradient must exist  Solute-containing fluid is pushed from a high pressure area to a lower pressure area

18. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Active Transport Processes  Transport substances that are unable to pass by diffusion  They may be too large  They may not be able to dissolve in the fat core of the membrane  They may have to move against a concentration gradient  Energy is required  Two common forms of active transport  Solute pumping  Bulk transport

19. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Active Transport Processes  Solute pumping  Amino acids, some sugars and ions are transported by solute pumps  ATP energizes protein carriers, and in most cases, moves substances against concentration gradients ACTIVE TRANSPORT ANIMATION PRESS TO PLAY

20. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sodium Potassium Pump Animation  http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/cha pter2/animation__how_the_sodium_potassiu m_pump_works.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/cha pter2/animation__how_the_sodium_potassiu m_pump_works.html

21. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Active Transport Processes  Bulk transport  Exocytosis  Moves materials out of the cell  Material is carried in a membranous vesicle  Vesicle migrates to plasma membrane  Vesicle combines with plasma membrane  Material is emptied to the outside

22. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Exocytosis Figure 3.12a

23. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Active Transport Processes  Bulk transport  Endocytosis  Extracellular substances are engulfed by being enclosed in a membranous vescicle  Types of endocytosis  Phagocytosis – cell eating  Pinocytosis – cell drinking

24. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Exocytosis and Endocytosis  http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::53 5::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120068/bio 02.swf::Endocytosis%20and%20Exocytosis http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::53 5::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120068/bio 02.swf::Endocytosis%20and%20Exocytosis