1. Evolution Monday 1/25/2016 Agenda: Evolution
Notes: Spontaneous Generation
Activity: Death of Spontaneous Generation Article and Chart
Homework/Class Work:
SG Venn Diagram due Tuesday 1/26/2016 for 20 Points

2. “Our Story in 2 minutes”

3. Spontaneous Generation
Before the 17th century the belief of where life came from was Spontaneous Generation:
Living things come from non-living things
Ex. Throwing waste into the street creates rats and flies
3 scientists tested this hypothesis:
Redi
Spallanzani
Pasteur

4. “Slow Death of Spontaneous Generation”
This article will discuss the hypothesis of Spontaneous Generation Fill the chart in as you read the article with information you have learned about each scientist and their ideas .

5. Redi Needham Spallazani Pasteur Scientists Hypothesis
Draw the Experiment
Results
Conclusion
Redi
Needham
Boiling liquid will kill microorganisms
Boiled broth into a flask, sealed & waited
Microorganisms grew in the flask
Spontaneous generation DOES occur
Spallazani
Pasteur

6. Evolution Tuesday 1/26/2016 Agenda: Evolution
Notes: Review Spontaneous Generation Chart
Notes: Biogenesis, Species and Populations
Activity: Human Hand Adaptation
Homework/Class Work:
No Homework Tonight!

7. Redi Needham Spallazani Pasteur Scientists Hypothesis
Draw the Experiment
Results
Conclusion
Redi
Needham
Boiling liquid will kill microorganisms
Boiled broth into a flask, sealed & waited
Microorganisms grew in the flask
Spontaneous generation DOES occur
Spallazani
Pasteur
2 jars with meat: one covered with cheese cloth & other open
The uncovered jar had maggots & the covered one didn’t
Maggots developed from eggs of flies
Spontaneous generation does not occur
Microorganisms are produced by other microorgansisms
Sealed flask of chicken broth took out air & boiled it
No microorganisms grew
Spontaneous generation does not occur.
Boiled chicken broth in flask & curved neck into sideways “S” shape.
Microorganisms are produced by other microorgansisms
No microorganisms grew
Spontaneous generation does not occur.

8. Spontaneous Generation: Venn diagram

9. What do these results tell us?
Redi’s Experiment
4 jars of meat
Two open jars vs. two closed jars
Result: Maggots and flies were only found in the open jars
What do these results tell us?

10. Spallanzani’s Experiment
Boiled meat broth in 2 flasks
Open flask vs. sealed flask
Result: After three days, the broth in the open flask was cloudy = microorganism growth
What do these results tell us?

11. What do these results tell us?
Pasteur’s Experiment
He redid Spallanzani’s experiment
Used a curved neck flask
Left it open for one year
Result: remained clear
Broke the neck
Left it for one day (it was cloudy)
What do these results tell us?

12. Conclusion to all 3 experiments:
Conclusion to all 3 experiments: spontaneous generation has been disproved!
The New hypothesis:
Biogenesis: all living things come
from other living things.

13. How are organisms broken up??
Species & populations!

14. Can two different species mate & produce an offspring?
A group that is reproductively isolated (organisms that can breed & produce fertile offspring)
QUESTION:
Can two different species mate & produce an offspring?

15. THIS IS A LIGER
THIS IS A MULE

16. The Liger… Male lion and female tiger
Like most hybrids they are sterile
However an occasional female has been found which can reproduce. No fertile males have been found.

17. POPULATION:
a group of individuals of the same species that are not prevented from breeding & producing offspring.
QUESTION:
Name one circumstance in which 2 groups of a single species of squirrel might be prevented from breeding with each other.
ANSWER:
The groups may have gotten separated geographically and are unable to interact or breed.

18. ADAPTATION:
is any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of surviving in a particular environment.
FITNESS:
an organism’s ability to survive in order to reproduce in an environment.

19. Human Hand Adaptation 
Each PAIR should have a bucket & a yellow handout
What is NOT included:
Masking tape
Pencil
Book
Shoe
Backpack with zipper

20. Wednesday/Thursday 1/27-1/28/2016
Evolution
Agenda: Evolution
Activity: Finish Human Hand Adaptation
Notes: Types of Adaptations
Activity: Zygoozles
Homework/Class Work:
No Homework Tonight!

21. Human Hand Adaptation 
Each PAIR should have a bucket & a yellow handout
What is NOT included:
Book
Shoe
Backpack with zipper

22. TYPES OF ADAPTATIONS 1. Structural 2. Behavioral 3. Physiological
Let’s look at each type as we consider 2 species: the tundra & icecap-dwelling arctic fox & the desert dwelling fennec fox.

23. Structural Adaptation: The form that the organism takes.
arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) fennec fox (Vulpes zerda)
Structural Adaptation: The form that the organism takes.
EX: Big ears and small ears of foxes.
Heat escapes easily from the blood that passes through the vessels in the fennec fox’s ears. Cool blood from the ears then circulates through the body & keeps the fennec fox from overheating.

24. Behavioral Adaptation: These are innate or inherited actions that individuals of the species perform.
Arctic fox:
Can be active any time of the day; ready to find food whenever available.
Fennec fox:
Is nocturnal; sleeps during the day & hunts at night

25. Physiological Adaptation: Related to the biochemical processes at work within an organism’s body.
Compare the processing of food & water:
Arctic fox: food is scarce in winter; effective at storing food energy as fat.
Fennec fox: little free water available; adapted to get all moisture it needs from fruit, roots, & leaves.

26. Adaptations Work Together
Adaptations work together to produce a species fit for surviving in a specific environment.
The big ears(structural) cools fox & gives acute hearing which helps when fox hunts & night (behavioral) & the fox has
special retina; tapetum (physiological) that gives the fox night vision.

27. Evolution of the Zygoozles
Evolution means change over time. Almost all natural entities and systems change. Through time, life has evolved from simple forms into the present vast arrays of organisms. Evolution explains the ways in which organisms are both similar & different.
In this activity, you will model what scientists do when they organize a collection of fossils to reflect evolutionary change. You will be given drawings of a collection of vertebrate fossils (Zygoozles) that could exist. Your goal is to work cooperatively to arrange these Zygoozles in the order you believe they would have evolved. You will number them directly on the paper BEFORE cutting them out

28. PROCEDURES
1. You will examine the zygoozles. Discuss the similar & different traits the organisms possess.
2.Cut out each organism. Decide which organism represents the ancestral form (you get to pick).
3.Arrange the organisms in the order you believe they evolved.
4. Once you have decided where the pictures will be, glue the pictures in place on the paper.

29. PROCEDURES
5. Draw an arrow between each picture and state the change to show the direction of evolutionary change Choose 5 arrows and write a statement by each picture to justify the change that occurred. 7. Draw a picture of the fossil that could evolve next. Explain why the creature would have the traits you gave it. Describe a structural, behavioral and physiological adaptation 8. Color and decorate your paper to make it appealing.

30. Evolution Friday 1/29/2016 Agenda: Evolution
Activity: Finish Zygoozles
Activity: Evolution Part I Worksheet
Homework/Class Work:
Evolution Part I Worksheet due Monday 2/1/2016 for 15 Points