1. Student Mobility Patterns and Achievement in Wisconsin Prepared for the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction Selina Eadie Ryan Eisner Bryan Miller Leni Wolf Monday, May 13, 2013

2. ● Overview of Previous Findings ● Methodology of Analysis ● Description of Mobility in Wisconsin ● Association Between Mobility and Achievement ● Policy Implications and Ideas for Future Research Overview of Presentation

3. Research Questions ●What is the state of student mobility in WI? ●What is mobility’s association with achievement?

4. Previous Findings ●Moves associated with lower academic performance ●Different mobility rates for different groups of students ●Timing matters (both time of year and time of academic career) ●Inter- versus intra-district moves

5. Methodology ●First research using Wisconsin Student Number Locator System (WSLS) ●Created a cohort of students for analysis ●Start: September 15, 2006 ●End: May 1, 2011 ●Students in Cohort: 319,230

6. Mobility Rates by Ethnicity (2006-07 through 2010-11) Number of moves

7. Mobility Rates by Economic Status (2006-07 through 2010-11)

8. Mobility Rates by Homeless Status (2006-07 through 2010-11)

9. Moves by Time of Year (2006-07 through 2010-11)

10. Moves in the Five Largest Districts (2006-07 through 2010-11)

11. Top Receiving Districts of Milwaukee Public Schools Students 2008-092009-10 (n=2,875)(n=3,157) West Allis–West Milwaukee9.0%Wauwatosa9.1% Wisconsin Department of Corrections 7.3%West Allis–West Milwaukee7.4% Franklin Public6.8%Franklin Public6.2% Wauwatosa4.8% Wisconsin Department of Corrections 5.3% Academy of Learning and Leadership a 4.1%Bruce Guadalupe a 4.6% a Denotes public, non-MPS charter school

12. Mobility and 2010-11 Graduation Status

13. Reading and Math WKCE Scores for 10 th Graders in 2010-11

15. Regression Confirmation ●Ran an OLS regression to test these relationships ●Controlled for: ● Race, Economic Status, Homelessness, District, Ever received English Language Learner (ELL) services Includes fixed effects for district ● Findings ● Coefficients on moves consistently negative and significant at.01 level ● Coefficients on other variables consistently of greater magnitude

16. Summary of Findings ●Black and Hispanic students appear to move much more frequently than their White and Asian-American peers ●Students who qualify for free or reduced-priced lunch move more than full-price students ●Students in largest districts are more likely to move than the state average ● Especially Milwaukee ●Consistent relationship between mobility and achievement

17. Future Research Considerations ●Detect residential moves ●Moves by time in academic career ●Type of destination school ●Prior year test score controls

18. Policy Implications ●Information and record-keeping systems ●Funding mechanisms and sources ● Implications for school choice policies

19. Acknowledgements ● Jared Knowles, Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction ● Russell Dimond, University of Wisconsin-Madison ● Jed Richardson, Wisconsin Center for Education Research ● Professor Andrew Reschovsky, University of Wisconsin- Madison

20. Questions? Thank you!

21. Reading Regression Results (1)(2)(3)(4) Tenth Grade Reading (2010-11) Moves before October 2010 -6.09***-5.18*** (0.31)(0.38) 4+ Moves before October 2010 -10.22*** (2.40) Moves in 2009-10 School Year -4.93***-3.33*** (0.58)(0.65) 2+ Moves in 2009- 10 School Year -15.70*** (2.81) Asian 7.46***7.40***7.86***7.79*** (1.61) Black -28.47***-28.36***-30.20***-30.00*** (1.19) Hispanic -3.47***-3.57***-3.10**-3.05** (1.33) (1.34) Native American -16.94***-16.81***-18.07***-18.00*** (2.39) (2.40) Ever FRPL -27.21*** -28.72***-28.58*** (0.61) Ever Homeless -9.97***-9.58***-14.36***-13.94*** (2.82) (2.83) Ever Received ELL Services -32.78***-32.82***-32.45***-32.60*** (1.54) (1.55) Constant 561.90***561.20***557.80***557.50*** (0.45)(0.48)(0.38)(0.39) No. of Students41,661 41,460 R-squared0.12 0.11 Source: Authors' calculations from DPI data

22. Math Regression Results (5)(6)(7)(8) Tenth Grade Math (2010-11) Moves before October 2010 -4.66***-4.20*** (0.24)(0.29) 4+ Moves before October 2010 -5.23*** (1.82) Moves in 2009-10 School Year -3.99***-2.80*** (0.44)(0.49) 2+ Moves in 2009- 10 School Year -11.64*** (2.13) Asian 11.58***11.55***11.92***11.87*** (1.21) (1.22) Black -28.20***-28.14***-29.59***-29.44*** (0.90) Hispanic -6.25***-6.30***-6.09***-6.05*** (1.01) Native American -17.37***-17.30***-18.20***-18.15*** (1.81) (1.82) Ever FRPL -22.34*** -23.47***-23.36*** (0.46) Ever Homeless -11.79***-11.58***-15.02***-14.71*** (2.13) (2.14) Ever Received ELL Services -21.62***-21.64***-21.43***-21.54*** (1.16) (1.17) Constant 581.30***580.90***578.30***578.10*** (0.34)(0.36) (0.29) No. of Students41,650 41,449 R-squared0.14 0.13 Source: Authors' calculations from DPI data

23. WSLS Population (2005-2011) Primary CohortCohort 2 Race Asian3.7%3.6%3.7% Black10.8% 10.1% Hispanic8.1%8.2%8.1% Native American1.4% 1.5% White68.6%73.1%76.2% Total Students1,176,136319,230683,148 Ever Homeless? No99.0%98.7%99.3% Yes1.0%1.3%0.7% Total Students1,176,136319,230683,148 Ever Economically Disadvantaged? No56.2%50.4%60.0% Yes43.8%49.6%40.0% Total Students1,176,136319,230683,148 Gender Male51.2%51.5% Female48.8%48.5% Total Students1,088,403310,189679,303 English Language Proficient Yes94.8%94.1%94.3% No5.2%5.9%5.7% Total Students1,054,024310,189679,303 District of Majority Attendance Milwaukee11.6%9.9%9.0% Kenosha3.1%4.3%2.9% Racine2.5%2.7%2.5% Green Bay2.9%4.0%2.7% Madison3.1%2.9% Total Students1,176,136319,230683,148

24. Top Receiving Districts from Madison Metropolitan School District 2006-072007-082008-092009-102010-11 (n=583)(n=887)(n=906)(n=889)(n=990) Middleton – Cross Plains Area 12.5%Sun Prairie Area8.1%Sun Prairie Area11.6%Verona Area12.9%Sun Prairie Area13.8% Verona Area11.7% Middleton – Cross Plains Area 7.9%Verona Area11.2%Sun Prairie Area11.1%Verona Area11.4% Sun Prairie Area10.3%Verona Area7.3% Middleton – Cross Plains Area 7.5% Middleton – Cross Plains Area 6.4% Middleton – Cross Plains Area 11.0% Milwaukee7.0%Monona Grove3.9%Milwaukee6.5%Monona Grove4.3%Milwaukee6.9% Janesville4.6%Oregon3.8%Monona Grove6.4% McFarland4.1% Oregon3.9% Milwaukee4.1% Source: Authors' calculations from DPI data

25. Top Receiving Districts from Green Bay Area School District 2006-072007-082008-092009-102010-11 (n=735)(n=869)(n=825)(n=861)(n=990) Howard - Suamico10.8% Howard - Suamico 12.1% Howard - Suamico 10.7%Ashwaubenon9.5%Ashwaubenon10.1% Milwaukee8.0%Ashwaubenon8.6%Milwaukee9.1%Milwaukee9.3%Milwaukee9.8% De Pere6.8%Milwaukee7.1%Ashwaubenon7.5% Howard – Suamico 9.2%De Pere9.6% Ashwaubenon6.5%De Pere6.7%De Pere6.6%De Pere8.0% Howard – Suamico 9.0% Pulaski Community4.8%West De Pere5.5%West De Pere5.8%West De Pere5.5%West De Pere4.3% Source: Authors' calculations from DPI data

26. Top Receiving Districts from Racine Unified School District 2006-072007-082008-092009-102010-11 (n=421)(n=565)(n=557)(n=546)(n=675) Kenosha Unified23.8%Kenosha Unified18.4%Kenosha Unified18.1%Kenosha Unified22.3%Kenosha Unified26.8% Milwaukee22.3%Milwaukee17.7%Milwaukee15.6%Milwaukee12.8%Milwaukee16.3% 21st Century Prep School* 3.6% WI Dept. of Corrections 7.3% 21st Century Prep School* 5.6% Green Bay Area Public 4.2% 21st Century Prep School* 3.6% Union Grove J12.9% 21st Century Prep School 4.8% WI Dept. of Corrections 5.4%Waukesha3.9%Waukesha3.1% WI Dept. of Corrections 2.9% Burlington Area2.3% Burlington Area3.2% 21st Century Prep School 3.7% WI Dept. of Corrections 3.0% Oak Creek – Franklin Joint 2.3% Waukesha2.3% Source: Authors' calculations from DPI data

27. Top Receiving Districts from Kenosha Unified School District 2006-072007-082008-092009-102010-11 (n=393)(n=508)(n=434)(n=493)(n=465) Racine Unified33.1%Racine Unified32.7%Racine Unified31.3%Racine Unified32.3%Racine Unified33.8% Milwaukee7.9%Milwaukee7.5%Milwaukee9.9%Milwaukee10.8%Milwaukee8.8% Madison Metropolitan 2.8% WI Dept. of Corrections 4.1%Burlington Area4.6%West Bend4.5%West Bend7.3% Waukesha2.8% White Lake2.8% WI Dept. of Corrections 2.8% Burlington Area3.2%Salem3.9%Green Bay Public2.2%Salem3.4% Waukesha3.2% WI Dept. of Corrections 3.5% WI Dept. of Corrections 2.2%Burlington Area2.8% Source: Authors' calculations from DPI data