1. 7 May 2002 Next Generation Abilene Internet2 Member Meeting Washington DC Internet2 Member Meeting Washington DC

2. 07 May 2002 2 Partnership approach The Abilene Network is a UCAID project done in partnership with Cisco Systems (routers, switches, and access) Juniper Networks (routers) Nortel Networks (SONET kit) Qwest Communications (SONET & DWDM circuits) Indiana University (network operations center) Internet2 Test & Evaluation Centers (ITECs) –North Carolina and Ohio

3. 07 May 2002 3 Abilene – May, 2002 IP-over-SONET backbone (OC-48c, 2.5 Gbps) 53 direct connections 4 OC-48c connections 1 Gigabit Ethernet trial 23 will connect via at least OC-12c (622 Mbps) by 1Q02 Number of ATM connections decreasing 215 participants – research universities & labs All 50 states, District of Columbia, & Puerto Rico 15 regional GigaPoPs support ~70% of participants Expanded access 50 sponsored participants –New: Smithsonian Institution, Arecibo Radio Telescope 23 state education networks (SEGPs)

4. 07 May 2002 4 Packetized raw High Definition Television (HDTV) Raw HDTV/IP – single UDP flow of 1.5 Gbps Project of USC/ISIe, Tektronix, & U. of Wash (DARPA) 6 Jan 2002: Seattle to Washington DC via Abilene –Single flow utilized 60% of backbone bandwidth 18 hours: no packets lost, 15 resequencing episodes End-to-end network performance (includes P/NW & MAX GigaPoPs) – Loss: <0.8 ppb (90% c.l.) – Reordering: 5 ppb Transcontinental 1-Gbps TCP requires loss of – <30 ppb (1.5 KB frames) – <1 ppm (9KB jumbo)

5. 07 May 2002 5 End-to-End Performance: ‘High bandwidth is not enough’ Bulk TCP flows (transfers > 10 Mbytes) Current median flow rate over Abilene: 1.9 Mbps –95th percentile: 7.0 Mbps

6. 07 May 2002 6 Future of Abilene Original UCAID/Qwest agreement amended on October 1, 2001 Extension of MoU for another 5 years – until October, 2006 Originally expired March, 2003 Upgrade of Abilene backbone to optical transport capability - ’s (unprotected) x4 increase in the core backbone bandwidth –OC-48c SONET (2.5 Gbps) to 10-Gbps DWDM

7. 07 May 2002 7 Key new aspects of next generation Abilene backbone High-performance IPv6 – next generation Run natively - concurrent with IPv4 Replicate multicast deployment strategy Close collaboration with Internet2 IPv6 WG Enhanced, differentiated measurement capabilities Active measurement: periodic network probes (incl. flows) Passive measurement: traffic matrix, SNMP, & routing Computer science research via ‘Abilene Observatories’ End-to-End Performance beacons Network resiliency Abilene ’s will not be protected circuits as with SONET Need restoration times under 100 ms – VoIP & videoconf

9. 07 May 2002 9 Next generation router selection Extensive router specification and test plan developed Team effort: UCAID staff, NOC, NC and Ohio ITECs Discussions with four router vendors Tests focused on next gen advanced services High performance TCP/IP throughput High performance multicast IPv6 functionality & throughput Classification for QoS and measurement 3 router platforms tested & commercial ISPs referenced  New Juniper T640 platform selected

10. 07 May 2002 10 Optical networking scaling factors 2 TeraGrid routing nodes 11 Next Generation Abilene routers 53 Abilene connectors 215 Abilene participants (univs & labs) But… 30-60 DWDM access nodes in leading viable carriers’ U.S. networks

11. 07 May 2002 11 Regional optical fanout Next generation architecture: Regional & state based optical networking projects are critical Three-level hierarchy: Backbones, GigaPoPs, campuses Leading examples –CENIC ONI (California), I-WIRE (Illinois), I-LIGHT (Indiana) State-based projects can be viewed as cost sharing Collaboration with the Quilt Regional Optical Networking project Interface with next generation Abilene and future projects U.S. carrier DWDM access is not widespread 30-60 cities for DWDM now ~120 cities for SONET (circa 1998) Further expansion constrained by current telecom crunch

12. 12 Optical network project differentiation Distance scale (km) ExamplesDWDM Equipment Metro< 60 UW(SEA) USC/ISI(LA) Dark fiber & end terminals State/ Regional < 500 (ULH: <2500) I-WIRE (IL) CENIC ONI I-LIGHT (IN) Add OO amplifiers Extended Regional/ National > 500 Pacific LR TeraGrid NG Abilene Add OEO regenerators & O&M $’s

13. 07 May 2002 13 Conclusions – Abilene future Backbone upgrade project underway Partnership with Qwest extended thru 2006 Juniper T640 routers selected for backbone 10-Gbps backbone deployment starts this fall Advanced service foci Native, high-performance IPv6 Enhanced, differentiated measurement Network resiliency Incremental, non-disruptive transition Complementary to and collaborative with NSF’s TeraGrid

14. www.internet2.edu