1. Chapter 16 The Antebellum South 1791 – 4,000 bales of cotton produced in the South 1849 – 2,469,000 bales of cotton produced in the South

2.  the opening of the rich bottomlands in the Gulf Coast states encouraged more planters  Cotton = 1/2 the value of all American exports after 1840  South produced more than 1/2 the World’s supply of cotton  75% of British supply came from the South

3. 3. Stimulated racism among poor whites 4. Created a political elite 5. Distinctive African American slave culture developed 6. By 1860s most slaves live in “black belt” states of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana 7. Theory of biological racial superiority developed 6. By 1860s most slaves live in “black belt” states of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana 7. Theory of biological racial superiority developed

6. Slaves fought slavery by—  Slowing down work pace  Stealing goods that they had produced  Running away  Sabotaging equipment

8. Rebellion: Stono's Rebellion 1739 20 black slaves met in secret near the Stono River in South Carolina to plan their escape to freedom. Killed two storekeepers, and stole the guns and powder inside the store. The group of slaves grew in number as they headed south toward Florida and freedom. Stono's Rebellion, was the largest slave uprising in the Colonies prior to the American Revolution. Stono's rebellion was only one among the 250 rebellions documented in the Colonies and later in the southern United States.

9.  Rebellion: 1.1800-*Slave Gabriel Prosser, Richmond, VA; "Death or Liberty”  Rebellion: 1.1800-*Slave Gabriel Prosser, Richmond, VA; "Death or Liberty” 2.1822- *Denmark Vesey, Charleston, SC; free and literate, conspired with Gullah Jack to capture Charleston arsenal 3. 1831-*Slave Nat Turner, killed 60 Virginians. 4. All put to death 2.1822- *Denmark Vesey, Charleston, SC; free and literate, conspired with Gullah Jack to capture Charleston arsenal 3. 1831-*Slave Nat Turner, killed 60 Virginians. 4. All put to death Gabriel Prosser

10.  Many were Mulattos  Some had purchased their own freedom  Some owned property  Some Mulattos owned slaves  Forbidden basic civil rights; could not work in certain jobs, could not testify against whites, denied education  Were often “captured” and sold into slavery  Many were Mulattos  Some had purchased their own freedom  Some owned property  Some Mulattos owned slaves  Forbidden basic civil rights; could not work in certain jobs, could not testify against whites, denied education  Were often “captured” and sold into slavery

11.  Some states had laws against their entrance  Most forbid basic civil rights  Many barred blacks from public schools  Racial prejudice and anti-black feelings often stronger in North than in South  Were often "captured" and sold into slavery  Some states had laws against their entrance  Most forbid basic civil rights  Many barred blacks from public schools  Racial prejudice and anti-black feelings often stronger in North than in South  Were often "captured" and sold into slavery

14. 1808 legal importation of slaves outlawed in United States: Smuggling continued Death penalty to slavers who were caught Only one slaver ever put to death The rest of the Western World opposed slavery after the 1830s.

18. Abolitionists seen by both Southerners and Northerners as a threat to society and economics: "I am earnest -- I will not equivocate-- I will not excuse -- I will not retreat a single inch -- and I will be heard.” 1831 William Lloyd Garrison William Lloyd Garrison (white); Liberator  Would eventually split with American Anti-Slavery Society because he and others would advocate for women’s rights and against war William Lloyd Garrison William Lloyd Garrison (white); Liberator  Would eventually split with American Anti-Slavery Society because he and others would advocate for women’s rights and against war

19. Elijah P. Lovejoy (white); murdered for the cause Wendell Phillips (white); called the “golden trumpet” would eat no sugar cane or wear cotton clothing because they were the products of slave labor

20. Martin Delany, a black Harvard educated physician and Author of The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States Civil War Officer He formulated a plan in 1831 of transporting African Americans to Africa

21. Theodore Weld and wife Angelina Grimké Together wrote American Slavery As It Is (1839), abolitionist propaganda book Worked in “Little Africa” area of Cincinnati with poor blacks Theodore Weld and wife Angelina Grimké Together wrote American Slavery As It Is (1839), abolitionist propaganda book Worked in “Little Africa” area of Cincinnati with poor blacks

22. David Walker (black); wrote Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World 1829, advocated end of slavery by violent means if necessary David Walker (black); wrote Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World 1829, advocated end of slavery by violent means if necessary Frederick Douglass (Mulatto); speaker, former slave, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

23. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin Theme =cruelty of family separation

24. In 1857, the Southern journalist Hinton R. Helper published The Impending Crisis of the South

25. North and South... tied to slavery

26.  Textile mills needed the cotton; no cotton = no supply = unemployment  Slave trading  Southerners owed northern banks about $3 million  Textile mills needed the cotton; no cotton = no supply = unemployment  Slave trading  Southerners owed northern banks about $3 million

27.  Slavery supported by authority of Bible and Constitution  Slavery good for barbarous Africans because they were introduced to Christianity  Slaves usually treated as members of the family  Slaves better off than most northern wage earners  Slavery supported by authority of Bible and Constitution  Slavery good for barbarous Africans because they were introduced to Christianity  Slaves usually treated as members of the family  Slaves better off than most northern wage earners To Southerners slaves were a sign of distinction and upward mobility; non-slave owners hoped to own slaves as proof of upward class distinction

28.  Protestant religion  Western European traditions & English language  Law and democracy  Democratic Party  Protestant religion  Western European traditions & English language  Law and democracy  Democratic Party

30. Founded in 1817 ** Goal was to solve slavery in the U.S. by gradual emancipation of slaves (with compensation to owners) and their resettlement in Africa.  Northerner’s were anxious to send free blacks to Africa  By 1830 there were at least 50 black abolitionist societies in the North.  Northerner’s were anxious to send free blacks to Africa  By 1830 there were at least 50 black abolitionist societies in the North.

31. 1822 the Republic of Liberia was established on the west coast of Africa and its capital was named Monrovia.  Over 40 years, only 15,000 blacks would agree to be transported to Liberia.  By 1860 few southern slaves were African… were native-born Americans  Colonization appealed to some white anti- slaveryites; Abraham Lincoln, Hinton Helper  Many in the abolition movement opposed; Garrison and Frederick Douglass