1. Longevity Risk Management and the Development of a Life Annuity Market in Australia John Evans and Michael Sherris Australian School of Business University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2052

2. Longevity risk Products and Markets: Annuities, Deferred Annuities, Variable Annuities Introduction

3. Risk Management for Longevity Risk Products Investment Mortality Expenses Long term interest rate, inflation, credit risk Heterogeneity, systematic risk, reinsurance, hedging Inflation and productivity

4. Interest rate risk Lack of longer term government bonds Limited inflation linked securities (infrastructure) Equity and asset swaps or options (downside protection) Lack of liquidity

5. Longevity Risk and Pooling Heterogeneity Adverse selection Pooling and systematic risk “Unknown/unknown” - wars, pandemics and disease Solvency and credit risk

6. Longevity Risk and Pooling –Caution: Normal distribution of lifetime assumed Dependence significantly reduces risk pooling efficiency Independence – risk pooling efficient – Correlation – No of lives – Indexed annuity value –95% confidence age

7. Inflation risk Volatility and hedging Product design – CPI, full, fixed indexation, minimum, capped Demand and pricing

8. Role of Private Markets Product innovation Lack of hedging instruments (longevity, inflation, long term interest rate) Capital and regulatory requirements (Solvency II, risk based) Expense and efficiency Mutual (Industry funds, Government) Shareholder (Retail funds, Insurers)

9. The Role of Government Private Market Support Longevity/survivor bonds Inflation linked bonds Longevity Indices JP Morgan Lifemetrics Deutsche Bourse Xpect indices Australian Government Actuary (population); APRA, ASX (annuitants)

10. The Role of Government Public provision Immediate annuities or Deferred annuities Compulsory or optional Full, partial, minimum level Risk rating or community rating Expense efficiencies Costs of capital and credit risks

11. Policy Options Private Sector: develops an annuity market with government support to provide or organise hedging products for the major risks otherwise private sector can’t supply efficiently priced lifetime annuities attractive to retirees. Public Sector: annuitisation compulsory for compulsory accumulation SGL retirement benefits, purchase price reflect differing longevity risks. Private/Public Sector partnership: a private/public combination with the private sector providing annuities for fixed terms, such as until age 85 or earlier death and the public sector providing a (compulsory) deferred annuity from age 85 until death.

12. Questions and Discussion – Acknowledgements: Evans and Sherris. Longevity Management Issues for Australia's Future Tax System, Commissioned Paper Australia’s Future Tax System. Working Paper: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1585563 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1585563