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AMATEUR RADIO OPERATOR INTRODUCTION January 2013 Active Devices Diodes, Transistors, and Tubes.

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Presentation on theme: "AMATEUR RADIO OPERATOR INTRODUCTION January 2013 Active Devices Diodes, Transistors, and Tubes."— Presentation transcript:

1 AMATEUR RADIO OPERATOR INTRODUCTION January 2013 Active Devices Diodes, Transistors, and Tubes

2 AGENDA Diodes TRANSISTORS/FETS TUBES QUESTIONS

3 SEMICONDUCTORS VERY STABLE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE SILICON & GERMANIUM MOST COMMON SILCON ATOMS SHARE VALENCE ELECTRONS (8 ELECTRONS) CAN BE GOOD INSULATOR INTRINSIC- PURE MATERIAL, NO FREE CHARGE CARRIERS EXTRINSIC – MATERIAL DOPED WITH EXTRA CARRIERS

4 DOPING

5 JUNCTIONS N TYPE – EXTRA ELECTRON (- CHARGE) P TYPE – MISSING ELECTRON (+ CHARGE) PN JUNCTION

6 DEPLETION ZONE

7

8 PN JUNCTION

9 FORWARD BIAS

10 DIODES 2 TERMINAL PN JUNCTION ANODE – P CATHODE - N

11 Diodes (i-v curves)

12 Diodes

13 DIODE APPLICATIONS SWITCH RECTIFICATION DEMODULATION REGULATION LIGHT EMITTING (LED)

14 RECTIFIERS

15

16 ZENER DIODES Used to regulate voltages Behaves normally when forward biased When reversed biased, non destructive voltage breakdown

17 ZENER Voltage

18 ZENER Regulation

19 TRANSISTORS 3 TERMINAL DEVICE 2 JUNCTIONS P-N-P N-P-N ALSO KNOWN AS “BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR” BASE CURRENT CONTROLS EMITTER/COLLECTOR CURRENT

20 NPN TRANSISTOR

21 PNP TRANSISTOR

22 FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR TWO TYPES JUNCTION FIELD EFFECT or JFET METAL OXIDE SILICON FIELD EFFECT or MOSFET A CONDUCTIVE CHANNEL WITH 2 JUNCTIONS N-CHANNEL P-CHANNEL

23 FETS

24 TRANSISTOR - FET EMITTER, BASE, COLLECTOR FOR BIAS INCREASES CURRENT CURRENT CONTROLS LOW INPUT Z SOURCE, GATE, DRAIN REV BIAS DECREASES CURRENT VOLTAGE CONTROLS HIGH INPUT Z

25 VACUUM TUBES Developed in late 1800’s and early 1900’s Still used in applications requiring high power or high voltages (power amplifiers)

26 Tube Construction Thermionic emission Filament (Heater) used to heat cathode Cathode made of tungsten and thorium Heated cathode emits an electron cloud Positive potential placed on Plate (Anode) to attract electrons Negative potential Grid used to control electron flow

27 Vacuum Diode

28 Vacuum Triode

29 Tubes – Take Aways Grid current – minimal or zero as long as Grid is negative relative to cathode Grid is usually a mesh Grid is closer to cathode Heater is farthest from Plate Used in high power applications Inside of envelope is a vacuum

30 Tubes, transistors, FETS TubesTransistorsFETS Charge Source CathodeEmitterSource Control Terminal GridBaseGate Charge Collector Plate (Anode) CollectorDrain ControlVoltageCurrentVoltage

31 AMPLIFICATION Produce an output which is an enlarged reproduction of the input. Device is called an AMPLIFIER An accurate reproduction is called “LINEAR” Imperfections in reproduction are called “DISTORTION” Tubes, Transistors, and FETs can all be amplifiers. Typically gain is measured in dB

32 Amplifier Applications AF (Audio Frequency) RF (Radio Frequency) IF (Intermediate Frequency) PA (Power Amplifier) Current, Voltage and or Power can all be amplified

33 Distortion

34 Homework Review Class Notes and Handouts Read ahead for next week

35 QUESTIONS????

36 THANK YOU!!!!!!!!

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