1. Secession and the Civil War (1860-1865) The Coming of the Civil War in Arkansas

2. Tensions Between the States  Missouri Compromise  Compromise of 1850 Should California come in as Free or Slave? Henry Clay proposes this solution  Let California come in as both Slave and Free State  Stop Slave trade, but not slavery  Let new territories decide  Strengthen the Fugitive Slave Act  Kansas-Nebraska Act Sen. Stephen Douglas suggest bill “Kansas and Nebraska Territories” Popular Sovereignty —let the territories decide Ends the Missouri Compromise and The Compromise of 1850  “Bleeding Kansas” The result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

3. Tensions Between the States  Dred Scott Decision A Slave sues for Freedom because taken to Free State and was not set Free. Goes to U.S. Supreme Court and loses  John Brown Raids Tried to over take a Arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia. Brown was convicted of Treason and sentenced to Death.

4. Tensions Between the States  Slavery Abolitionists  Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe Asset for Cotton  Difference in Economies North—wage labor, industries, businesses, railroads, fast paced-mass production South—”King Cotton” and Slavery  States’ Rights

5. Tensions Between the States  Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln elected President South Carolina Secedes President Declares Secession Unconstitutional

6. Secession and Ft. Sumter  States Secede First to leave--South Carolina, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas  Ft. Sumter sparks war April 12, 1861 Confederate Forces fire on Union Forces refusing to leave The Civil War begins

7. Arkansas’s Decision  Arkansas reluctant to act Many depended on Federal Support  Protection from Indians  Swamp draining projects Political Divisions First Secession Convention  Voting too close to call a true decision, so Arkansas will not secede.  Second Secession Convention Isaac Murphy—only one to vote no to secession Arkansas leaves the Union May 6, 1861

8. Preparing for War  Many joined with ideas of quick defeat and excitement.  Arkansas Confederate soldiers usually earned $13/month  No organization Random weapons, elected captains, no uniforms  Local units adopted names such as: Camden Knights, Jacksonport Guards, or the City Guards.

9. Life of a Civil War Soldier  Long periods of time away from home  Long hours of drill and days spent marching on hot, dusty roads or in a storm  Inadequate food, shelter, clothes, weapons and supplies  Disease and death  Food List consisted of any of the following: Bacon Cornmeal/biscuit Molasses Dried meat/jerky Tobacco Rice/peas/vegetables coffee substitute

10. The End