1. Proposal for DAV Analysis POMPIDOU CENTRE | France Ruhi Thakur | Arpit Prakash | Himanshu Jampala | VALUE BASED DESIGN

2. PROJECT Centre Georges Pompidou Image Source : │http://pictify.com/user/Pompidouhttp://pictify.com/user/Pompidou

3. Site Area 5 acres ~ 20,000m 2 Gross Internal Area 100,000 m 2 No. of Floors 6 Construction Cost £ 58,800,000 (1977) Local Name Beaubourg Location Paris, France Type Culture & Leisure Construction Dates 1971 – 1977 Open Dates 31 January 1977 – present PROJECT Facts Client Ministére des Affaires Culturelles / Ministére de l'Education Nationale The Architect Renzo Piano + Richard Rogers + Gianfranco Franchini Structural Engineer Ove Arup & Partners Usage Bibliothèque publique d'information Musée National d'Art Moderne Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique Bookstore, Theater, Restaurants Number of Visitons 2500 per day (2006) Sources : │http://www.richardrogers.co.uk/work/all_pro jects/centre_pompidou/conceptionhttp://www.richardrogers.co.uk/work/all_pro jects/centre_pompidou/conception │http://www.aviewoncities.com/paris/centrep ompidou.htmhttp://www.aviewoncities.com/paris/centrep ompidou.htm

4. “Their entry exemplified constructivism and was a high-tech modern cultural centre structured with a system gerberettes and trusses unlike anything seen in the architectural world before.” Sources : │http://www.archdaily.com/64028/ad- classics-centre-georges-pompidou-renzo- piano-richard-rogers/http://www.archdaily.com/64028/ad- classics-centre-georges-pompidou-renzo- piano-richard-rogers/ │http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_Georges _Pompidouhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_Georges _Pompidou - Adelyn Perez, ArchDaily │Won the Architectural Design Competition amongst 681 entries. │One of the first High-Tech Post Modern Architectural Style. │Innovative Design Concepts and usage of Building Infrastructure. │Houses Europe’s largest Museum for Modern Art. │Attracted more than 5 times the number of intended visitors. │Revitalized a depressed section of a historic city. │High Political Influences. │Lot of ‘Spin’ & ‘Buzz’ MOTIVATION

5. Sources : PROJECT Time-Line TimeEvent July 1971 Competition results announced March 1972 Excavation commences December 1972 Construction of Substructure commenced July 1974 Site closed by 7 th court case August 1974 IRCAM budget cut and redesign October 1974 Construction of steel superstructure commenced June 1975 Steel Superstructure completed January 1977 Opening of building February 1977 Article in New York Times, “Temple of artistic creations” Article in The Press-courier, “Pompidou Centre mixed reviews” A group of 100 Architects threaten to file a petition to close the building. July 1977 IRCAM completion April 1980 Article in The Press-Courier, “Pompidou Centre cultural success story” 1987 Documentary released, “Centre Georges Pompidou, The - The Big Escalator (1987)” March 1994 Article in New York Times, “Success takes toll on Pomidou Centre” Mr. Piano realizes the importance of energy conservation (not a very fashionable idea back during the design) 1997-1999 (27months) Closed for renovation work ($90 million renovation cost)

6. STAKEHOLDERS Sources : StakeholdersInfluenceReputation Technology + Innovation Productivity Architects + Engineers + + + Client – Ministry of Culture - + Organizations running Museum, Library, IRCAM, etc. + + + - + City / Region + + + Media + + + + + Society + Culture - + + + +

7. DAV FEATURES Overview Urban Context http://www.richardrogers.co.uk/work/all_proje cts/centre_pompidou/conception Structure – Gerberettes http://www.flickr.com/photos/kriss_on_f lickr/4270749423/ Piazza http://friendsofsdarch.photoshelter.com/image/I 0000anjR.l56km0 MEP http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20130819- pompidou-centre-parisian-radical Circulation http://www.travel-images.com/photo- france266.html

8. DAV – STRUCTURE Importance Image Sources : │http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi- bin/gbi.cgi/Centre_Pompidou.html/cid_aj2 110_b.htmlhttp://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi- bin/gbi.cgi/Centre_Pompidou.html/cid_aj2 110_b.html

9. DAV – STRUCTURE Concept Development Image Sources : │https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgHjH Wbx7pwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgHjH Wbx7pw

10. Structural ElementDescription Column│Centrifugally cast steel tube │At column base a kreutz spherical bearing transfers load to the foundation, permitting rotation │850 mm external diameter The Tension Tie│Round bar threaded on either end │7m long solid & 200mm diameter The Gerberette│Links the tension tie, compression column and truss girder │All contact points were machined and movable │Connect truss girder with column tie without any eccentric load │9.6 tons heavy and 8.2m long Truss Girder│2.85m overall depth, span 44.8m between supports │740 tons of load carried Floor│110mm concrete panels, 6.4X10.8m compositely connected to I profiles 500mm Braced Frame Gable Ends Longitudinal Cross Bracing Horizontal Bracing │Horizontal bracing connects the floor to the outer longitudinal bracing and to the columns │Used to stabilize column against buckling Image Sources : │Making of Beauborg, Nathan Silver (p134) DAV – STRUCTURE Importance

11. DAV - STRUCTURE Benefits StakeholdersQualitativeQuantitative Architects + Engineers │Huge spans of Interior Spaces unobstructed by columns │Innovative technology of Gerberettes │Flexibility of Design │Less construction time due to pre fabrication │Increased usable floor space. │Gerberettes eliminated eccentric loads on columns Client – Ministry of Culture │Reduced construction materials and their costs compared to concrete construction Organizations running Museum, Library, IRCM, etc. │Incorporate variety of changes in the evolving exhibit requirements │Reduced Churn and Renovation Costs City / Region - - Media │Structural Design created a huge buzz. │Various Documentaries - Society + Culture --

12. DAV - STRUCTURE Costs StakeholdersQualitativeQuantitative Architects + Engineers │Initial bad reputation for the industrial design, esp. during the construction phases │Special techniques required to test the unconventional sizes of Gerberettes │Cost of technology Client – Ministry of Culture │Skilled labour and engineers│Manufacture and Transportation costs Organizations running Museum, Library, IRCM, etc. │Redesign interior spaces for the Museum according to physical museology requirements. │Cost of Interior Design City / Region │Exposed Structures didn’t merge in with the Urban Fabric - Media -- Society + Culture │Initially took it as an insult to the art and culture of France -

13. DAV - MEP Importance Image Sources : │http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2013/ 07/paris-from-above/100556/http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2013/ 07/paris-from-above/100556/ │http://www.travelingsolemates.com/bonjo ur-paris-2/http://www.travelingsolemates.com/bonjo ur-paris-2/ Structure and Large Ventilation Systems white Stairs and Elevator Structures silver grey Ventilation blue Plumbing and fire control piping green Electrical Elements yellow/ orange Elevator motor rooms and shafts red “exterior elements could be clipped on and off over the life span of the building” adjusting for future requirements. - Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners LLP │Unique ‘Inside-Outside Building’ │Design and movement flexibility of Interior Spaces Sources : │http://www.archdaily.com/64028/ad- classics-centre-georges-pompidou-renzo- piano-richard-rogers/http://www.archdaily.com/64028/ad- classics-centre-georges-pompidou-renzo- piano-richard-rogers/

14. DAV - MEP Benefits StakeholdersQualitativeQuantitative Architects + Engineers │Allowed clear uninterrupted Interior Space │Used Industry Standard Color Coding for each element; easier to track │Increased usable floor space Client – Ministry of Culture - │Less cost of concealing MEP element Organizations running Museum, Library, IRCM, etc. │Easier to service and upgrade│Less cost of maintenance City / Region │Gave a unique identity to the Urban Fabric - Media │Created a huge Buzz about the architectural style Society + Culture -

15. DAV - MEP Costs StakeholdersQualitativeQuantitative Architects + Engineers │Initial bad reputation for the industrial design, esp. during the construction phases │Not energy efficient │Energy loads was much more than designed due to more visitors Client – Ministry of Culture -- Organizations running Museum, Library, IRCM, etc. │Increased maintenance requirement due to exposed systems │Cost of annual maintenance City / Region -- Media │Much criticism and law suits│Delay in Constructions │Cost incurred due to lawsuits Society + Culture │Took it as an insult to the art and culture of France -

16. DAV - CIRCULATION Importance Sources : │http://www.richardrogers.co.uk/Asp/uploade dFiles/Image/0099_Pompidou/RSHP_A_JS_0 099_L_E_GB.pdfhttp://www.richardrogers.co.uk/Asp/uploade dFiles/Image/0099_Pompidou/RSHP_A_JS_0 099_L_E_GB.pdf Conception of a Piazza │Blend between Times Square & British Museum │Hosts Street Theatre and music, games, meetings, parades and temporary Exhibitions. │Revitalization of the neighbourhood. Circulation │Steps, Escalators, Lifts and Corridors provided on the West Façade │Circulation Systems are colored Red │Provides views of the city

17. StakeholdersQualitativeQuantitative Architects + Engineers │Create a piazza, half the size of the plot, acting as a buffer between the city and the building │One of the most intensively used Public Space │Placed all the Horizontal and Vertical Areas on the outer facade │Increased amount of usable floor area inside the building Client – Ministry of Culture -- Organizations running Museum, Library, IRCM, etc. │Had 5 times the amount of visitors than anticipated │No. of Visitors per day City / Region │Revitalized the whole area with exhibitions and various street activities - Media -- Society + Culture │People have the view of the city from the building │Access to lifts, terraces and restaurants are independent of the building - DAV - CIRCULATION Benefits

18. DAV - CIRCULATION Costs Sources : DAV - CIRCULATION Costs StakeholdersQualitativeQuantitative Architects + Engineers Client – Ministry of Culture │Construction cost for such an innovative elevator system Organizations running Museum, Library, IRCM, etc. │People took the circulation system to get a view of the city ignoring the museums │Closed most of the entrances to the building due to security reason │High maintenance cost due to high crowd influx using the circulation system City / Region - - Media + Culture - Citizens - │Paid for using just for escalator

19. REFERENCES │a view on cities. n.d. Centre Pompidou. Accessed September 2013, 14. http://www.aviewoncities.com/paris/centrepompidou.htm. │Carvajal, Doreen. 2011. The New York Times. January 23. Accessed September 15, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/24/arts/24squeeze.html?_r=0. │Daque, Karina. 2010. Arch. October 4. Accessed September 16, 2013. http://www.archdaily.mx/48228/clasicos- de-arquitectura-centre-georges-pompidou-renzo-piano-richard-rogers/1285354849-gerbettes-2-jpg/. │Fairs, Marcus. 2013. "The Pompidou captured the revolutionary spirit of 1968" - Richard Rogers. July 26. Accessed September 15, 2013. http://www.dezeen.com/2013/07/26/richard-rogers-centre-pompidou- revolution-1968/. │Foundation, Pompidou. 2011. Centre Pompidou, Paris. Accessed September 15, 2013. http://www.centrepompidoufoundation.org/Centre_Pompidou_Foundation/CENTRE.html. │Perez, Adelyn. 2010. Arch Daily. June 11. Accessed September 14, 2013. http://www.archdaily.com/64028/ad- classics-centre-georges-pompidou-renzo-piano-richard-rogers/. │2013. Pictify. Accessed September 15, 2013. http://pictify.com/user/Pompidou. │Pogrebin, Robin. 2007. "British Architect Wins 2007 Pritzker Prize." New York Times, March 28. │Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners. 2013. Centre Pompidou Masterplan. Accessed September 15, 2013. http://www.richardrogers.co.uk/work/all_projects/centre_pompidou_masterplan.

20. REFERENCES │Rogers Stirk Harbour and Partners. 2013. Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners. Accessed September 14, 2013. http://www.richardrogers.co.uk/render.aspx?siteID=1&navIDs=1,4,25,121. │Staines, Judith. 2012. Pompidou Centre plans to go global. May 3. Accessed September 15, 2013. http://culture360.org/news/pompidou-centre-plans-to-go-global/. │Structuremag. 2007. The Imaginative Engineer. January. Accessed September 15, 2013. http://www.structuremag.org/article.aspx?articleID=476. │Wikipedia. 2005. Centre Georges Pompidou. July 16. Accessed September 15, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_Georges_Pompidou#cite_note-20. │zh227@cornell.edu. 2013. Revenue Management Applications In Untraditional Industries. March 27. Accessed September 15, 2013. http://blogs.cornell.edu/armapp/2013/03/27/revenue-management-in-art-museums/.

21. Thank you.