1. Dynamics of Cattle Ranching, in the Alto Acre River Region University of Florida Universidade Federal do Pará EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental IAI III LBA Scientific Meeting Brasilia, July 27, 2004

2. Field Work 3 weeks July/2000 7 Researchers 56 Interviews

3. Key-Informants Extractivists12 Colonists05 Colonists (dairy)08 Ranchers09 Businessmen06 Researchers/Tech. staff04 Government officials.05 Leaders of Extractivist Org..04 Leaders of Colonists Org.02 Leaders of Ranchers Org. 01 Total56

4. Administrative Regions

5. Conservation Units

6. Colonization Projects

7. Typification of Producers Labor family/hired DiversifiedEspecialized > Technology< Technology> Technology< Technology BB/DB/DBB/DB/DBB/DB/DBB/DB/D

8. Typification of Producers

9. Critical Decision 1 – Why Cattle Ranching?

10. Ranchers Profitability Low Risk Capital Available Land Prices

11. Extractivists & Colonists Income Liquidity Savings/insurance Credit Marketing chain Transportation Status and simbolic meaning

12. Reserva Chico Mendes – Deforestation, 1986

13. Reserva Chico Mendes – Deforestation, 1992

14. Reserva Chico Mendes – Deforestation, 1998

15. Critical Decision 2 – Pasture Management

16. Predominant System Braquiarão (Brachiaria brizantha) - 100% Puerária (Pueraria phaseoloides) -30% Low carrying capacity No pasture rotation

17. Available Technology Soil fertilization Pasture rotation (up to 3,5 U.A./ha) Breeding Artificial insemination

18. Barriers to Intensification Technical assistance Costs Lack of tradition/management skills Inadequate credit policies

19. Decision 3 - Deforestation D3 = f (D1*D2*P.P.)

20. Critical Decision 3 Rural Credit Subsidies to rubber and Brazil nuts Law enforcement

21. Rural Credit Colonists and extractivists (FNO-e, PROCERA, PRODEX): increase of cattle herds/pasturelands Ranchers (FNO): restore degraded pastures, intensification

22. Law Enforcement Agreement between IBAMA and IMAC for granting def.permits Prosecution of offenders among all categories Community self-control mechanisms

23. Conclusions Ranching is attractive to all categories Profitable disregarding subsidies and land speculation Other advantages (liquidity, status...) Deforestation still under control

24. Recommendations (research) Symbolic role of cattle, and conflicts among extractivists (generations) Impact of Brazil nut and rubber subsidies Comparative study of land tenure and land use systems: RESEX vs. PAE, madeira vs. pecuária