1. Chapter 22 Water Pollution - Lilies

2. Point Vs. Nonpoint Point source pollution Industrial
Nonpoint source pollution
Agricultural & Urban

3. Point Vs Non-Point

4. Types of Water Pollution
8 types of pollutants
1. Sediment
2. Thermal Pollutants
3. Algal and inorganic plant nutrients
4. Disease causing agents
5. Sewage
6. Organic compounds
7. Inorganic compounds
8. Radioactive substances

5. 1-Sedimentation

6. 1-Sedimentation
Sediment Pollution
High sediment load

7. 4-Water Born Diseases Protozoan: Amoebiasis, Cryptosporidia, Giardia
Parasitic: Schistosomiasis (snail) & Dracunculiasis (Guniea Worm)
Bacterial: Cholera, Botulism, E. Coli, Typhoid, Diarrhea
Cholera
Acute watery diarrhea that can lead to death by severe dehydration and kidney failure.
Two hours to five days - incubation
Explosive outbreaks
75% asymptomatic but Pathogens in feces for 7 to 14 days.
Unlike other diarrheal diseases, it can kill healthy adults within hours.
Original reservoir was the Ganges
Six pandemics were recorded that killed millions of people across Europe, Africa and the Americas.
Giardia - diarrhea

8. 4-Guinea Worm

9. 4-Guinea Worm 3 foot long parasitic worm
Water flea carries larvae of the Guinea worm
Immature worms pierce the intestinal wall, grow to adulthood, and mate. Males die, females make their way most often to the lower limbs.
The worms cause swelling and painful, burning blisters. Sufferers tend to go into the water for relief, where the blisters burst freeing thousands of young larvae who find water fleas.

10. 4-Escherichia Coli
The cattle spread E. coli 0157:H7 by defecating and drooling in shared
water troughs.
In June of 1998, Georgia health officials were notified that a number of children had become ill with E. coli O157:H7 infections and were hospitalized in Atlanta-area hospitals. Public health investigators interviewed victims’ families and learned that all had become ill after visiting the White Water Water Park.

11. 5-BOD
Effect of sewage on dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand- River

12. 3&7-Dead Zone Inorganic Plant and Algal Nutrients
The Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico

13. Dead Zone
K/Sq. Miles
2009 – 3K/Sq. Miles

14. Dead Zone

15. Types of Water Pollution
Eutrophication: An Enrichment Problem
Oligotrophic lake

16. Eutrophication: An Enrichment Problem
3 & 7 Cultural Eutrophication

17. 6 -Persistent Organic Pollutants
Dioxins - Formed during combustion of trash, forest fires, and some industrial processes such as paper pulp bleaching and herbicide manufacturing. “dirty dozen” – carcinogenic - Stockholm Convention
PCB’s - Polychlorinated biphenyls – used in the making of transformers, capacitors, and coolants (Production banned 1970’s)
Between 1947 and 1977 General Electric released 1,300,000 pounds of PCBs into the Hudson River. The PCBs came from the company's two capacitor manufacturing plants. “dirty dozen”
Saturday December 6th 2008 a number of Irish news sources reported that testing had revealed "extremely high” levels of PCBs in pork products, ranging from 80 to 200 times the EU's upper safe limit of 0.12 to 0.3 parts per billion. In 1986 the breast milk of healthy nursing mothers in the US contained between 1020 to 1770 ppb of PCBs.
BPA - Bisphenol A or BPA, is a monomer used in the making of plastics (think nalgene). (Drink Containers) Hormone mimicry – estrogen.

18. 7- Inorganics Inorganic Chemicals Lead Mercury

19. Cuyahoga River
The pollution of our waterways became a national issue in June of 1969, the day that the Cuyahoga River, flowing through Cleveland, Ohio, on its way to Lake Erie, caught on fire because it was so polluted.

20. The Clean Water Act 1972
Sets allowable standards for the discharge of pollutants in U.S. waterways ensures the waterways are safe for swimming and fishing.
The Clean Water Act improved the quality of water from point source pollutants.
Nonpoint sources of pollution are more difficult to regulate but the Clean Water Act now targets sediment erosion from construction sites.

21. Safe Drinking Water Act 1974
Sets uniform federal standards for drinking water on 80 different contaminants
This law required the EPA to determine the maximum contaminant level in water for human consumption
In 1998, about 6% of U.S. water systems had significant violations.
Municipal water suppliers must tell consumers what contaminants are present in their city’s water and of potential health risks.