1. SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE IND. REV. = POP. GROWTH POP GROWTH BEGINS IN 18 TH CENT. AND CONTINUES/INCREASES IN 19 TH CENT. EXPLANATION FOR POP. GROWTH 1. NOT DUE TO HIGHER BIRTHRATES 2. DUE TO DECLINE IN DEATH RATE 3. DROP IN DEATHS FROM FAMINES, EPIDEMICS, AND WAR 4. INCREASE IN FOOD SUPPLY = AG. REV.

2. THE GREAT HUNGER CONDITIONS IN IRELAND 1. pop was mainly Catholic peasants 2. rented land from absentee Brit. Prot. Landlords 3. extreme poverty 4. potato was at the core of Irish diet THE GREAT FAMINE 1845-1851 1. Potato crop is hit by a blight/fungus in 1845 2. Over a million die of starvation and disease 3. Almost 2 million emigrate

3. THE GROWTH OF CITIES 1. DRAMATIC GROWTH OF CITIES IN FIRST HALF OF 19 TH CENT 2. DUE TO INDUSTRIALIZATION 3. CITIES WERE PLACES FOR MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRY 4. FACTORIES LOCATED IN CITIES -> ACCESS TO TRANSPORTATION AND WORKERS

4. URBAN CONDITIONS IN EARLY IND. REV. 1. CITIES WERE MISERABLE PLACES 2. GROWTH OF URBAN POP. MADE THINGS WORSE 3. CITY LEADERS FELT NO RESPONSIBILITY/OR DIDN’T KNOW HOW TO DEAL WITH PROBLEMS 4. WEALTHY & MIDDLE CLASS ESCAPED PROBLEMS BY LIVING IN SUBURBS

5. PROBLEMS IN TOWNS AND CITIES 1. Overcrowded 2. Unsanitary 3. Bad Food – adulterated = stuff added 4. Prostitution, crime, and sexual immorality

6. URBAN REFORMERS EDWIN CHADWICK 1. worked to eliminate poverty and filth in urban areas 2. investigated/studied conditions of the working class 3. REPORT ON THE CONDITION OF THE LABOURING POPULATION IN GREAT BRITAIN 1842 4. advocated a system of modern sanitary reforms = efficient sewers + supply of clean piped water