1. “The War Ends Chapter 17 Section 5

2. 1862 and 1863 were gloomy times for the union army. They were losing the war. 1862 1864 Mar – Monitor v. Virginia Apr – Battle of Shiloh May – Shenandoah Aug - 2 nd Battle of Bull Run Sep – Harper’s Ferry Dec - Fredericksburg Jan – Emanicipation Proclamation May - Chancellorsville May - Vicksburg Jul - Gettysburg Sep - Chickamauga Nov - Chatanooga Nov/Dec - Knoxville

3. Northern spirits rose when union troops were able to control all parts of the Mississippi River. The final battle for the Mississippi took place at Vicksburg. After brilliant maneuvering, the north completely controlled the Mississippi and had divided the south.

5. Robert E Lee again went on the offensive. He planned to attack Pennsylvania and then Washington DC. On his way to Pennsylvania, he met a northern army at the town of Gettysburg. Even though the south made several aggressive charges, they were not able to break through the union position. The south suffered a devastating loss. Lincoln was happy with the victory, but was also upset because we had once again just allowed the confederate troops retreat to the south without chasing them.

6. Gen. Lee’s Headquarters Gen. Meade’s Headquarters

7. The Battle of Gettysburg left more than 50,000 dead or wounded. On November 19, 1863, there was a ceremony to dedicate a cemetery to the memory of the soldiers who had died. There, Lincoln gave his very famous Gettysburg Address. The speech was only ten sentences long and took about three minutes to deliver. It is honored as a profound statement of American ideals. Warning!!! Look away to avoid Seeing Dead Soldiers

8. Confederate Soldiers found near Little Round Top

9. “The Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter – Gettysburg” in Alexander Gardner’s Photographic Sketch Book

14. Finally, Ulysses S. Grant was named commander of the union forces in 1864. Grant’s plan was to wage total war. This means that the army would destroy food, equipment, and anything else that might be useful to the confederacy.

15. Under the aggressive leadership of Ulysses S Grant, the north began to cripple the south. The turn- around could not have come at a better time. Lincoln was reelected for a second term. Illustration showing Columbia (the U.S personified as a woman) voting for President Lincoln's re-election in 1864, with the Angel of Peace held captive by the demons of Southern Rebellion and Traitors North.

16. Grant pushed toward Richmond. On April 2, 1865, Richmond, the confederate capital, fell to the union soldiers. Lee and his army were surrounded and surrendered a week later at a town outside of Richmond called Appomattox Court House.

19. Richmond, Virginia following the Civil War

20. Grant offered generous terms of surrender. Each soldier had to give up his gun, but they got to keep their horses, and they were allowed to return home.

21. In the end, about 750,000 men died. No war has ever resulted in more American deaths. The civil war was a turning point in American history. The idea that states would be allowed to secede was dead. The war also put an end to slavery in the United States. The struggle was not over, though. Now the country had to put itself back together.