1. The Second Great Awakening

2. Rejected Calvistic ideas that God determined who was damned and who was saved Rejected Calvistic ideas that God determined who was damned and who was saved Beliefs during 2 nd G.A. similar to Jacksonian democracy  the common citizen has the power Beliefs during 2 nd G.A. similar to Jacksonian democracy  the common citizen has the power

3. Revivalism Often located in the West Often located in the West Movement that used emotional meetings when conversion happened in an experience Movement that used emotional meetings when conversion happened in an experience –Impassioned preaching –Bible studies –Examination of souls Strong impact on American public Strong impact on American public –1800: 1 in 15 belonged to a church –1850: 1 in 6 belonged to a church

4. Unitarian Often located in the Northeast Often located in the Northeast Disliked Public emotionalism, but shared the idea of faith in the individual Disliked Public emotionalism, but shared the idea of faith in the individual Emphasized reason and appeals to conscience as path to perfection as a gradual process Emphasized reason and appeals to conscience as path to perfection as a gradual process “The Perfection of human nature, the elevation of men into nobler beings” “The Perfection of human nature, the elevation of men into nobler beings” –Individual reform –Social reform

5. Transcendentalism Definition: a philosophical & literary movement that emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imagination, rather than in any organized system of belief. Definition: a philosophical & literary movement that emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imagination, rather than in any organized system of belief. Not a religious experience, but a reformation of individuals: Not a religious experience, but a reformation of individuals: –Fought for humanitarian reforms –Abolition of slavery –Improved conditions of schools and prisons –Stressed American ideals of optimism, freedom, and self-reliance

6. African American Church Revivalism feared by Slave Holders Revivalism feared by Slave Holders Slaves began to interpret Christian message as a promise of freedom Slaves began to interpret Christian message as a promise of freedom Church offered more than place of worship: Church offered more than place of worship: –Political, Cultural, Social, Educational centers

7. How could these movements promote change in American society?

8. Effects: Sought to improve society and the human condition: Sought to improve society and the human condition: –Prison reform –Education reform –Abolitionist Movements –Women’s Suffrage Movements –Industrial Labor Movements