2. 1914-1918 The World at War 1914-1918 The World at War Adapted from and Used By Permission: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley High School Chappaqua, NY

3. Differing Viewpoints  “Family Feud”  “Fall of the Eagles”  “A New World Order” (skepticism of Old Europe)  Woodrow Wilson’s View  “The War to End All Wars”  “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”  Lenin’s View  “Peace, Land, Bread”  “World Revolution”

4. Causes of the War

5. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

6. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

7. The Major Players: 1914-17 Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]

8. Europe in 1914

9. 2. Militarism & Arms Race 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

10. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

11. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

12. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

13. The “ Spark ”

14. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

15. The Assassination: Sarajevo

16. The Assassin Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

17. Who’s To Blame?

18. The Schlieffen Plan

19. German Atrocities in Belgium

20. Mobilization It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! But my heart's right there! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!  Home by Christmas!  No “major” war in 50 years!  Nationalism! HHHHome by Christmas! NNNNo “major” war in 50 years! NNNNationalism!

21. Recruitment Posters

22. A Young Australian Recruit

23. Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

24. New French Recruits

25. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

27. Total War Women and the War Effort

28. Financing the War

29. For Recruitment

30. Munitions Workers

31. French Women Factory Workers

32. German Women Factory Workers

33. Working in the Fields

34. A Woman Ambulance Driver

35. Red Cross Nurses

36. Women in the Army Auxiliary

37. Russian Women Soldiers

38. Spies e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy! e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy!

39. Posters Wartime Propaganda

40. Australian Poster

41. American Poster

42. Financing the War

43. German Poster Think of Your Children!

44. The Western Front A “ War of Attrition ”

45. A Multi-Front War

46. The Western Front

47. Trench Warfare

48. “No Man’s Land”

49. Verdun – February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

50. The Somme – July, 1916 e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

51. War Is HELL !! Les Gueules cassées*

52. Sacrifices in War

53. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

54. The Eastern Front

55. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

56. Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

57. T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

58. T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-19

59. The Tsar with General Brusilov

60. The “ Colonial ” Fronts

61. Sikh British Soldiers in India

62. Fighting in Africa British Sikh Mountain Gunners Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]

63. Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

64. Fighting in Salonika, Greece French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China - 1916

65. America Joins the Allies

66. The Sinking of the Lusitania

67. The Zimmerman Telegram

68. The Yanks Are Coming! The Yanks Are Coming!

69. Americans in the Trenches

70. The War of the Industrial Revolution New Technology

71. French Renault Tank

72. British Tank at Ypres

73. U-Boats

74. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

75. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

76. The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.

77. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

78. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

79. The Zeppelin

80. Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

81. Poison Gas Machine Gun

82. “ Art ” of World War I

83. “A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918

84. “Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

85. “Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

86. “Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington, 1918

87. “Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

88. German Cartoon “Fit for active service!”, 1918

89. 1918 Flu Pandemic Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died world-wide 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died world-wide

90. 11 a.m., November 11 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

91. 9,000,000 Dead 9,000,000 Dead

92. American Cemetery The Somme France American Cemetery The Somme France 116,516 Americans Died

93. World War I Casualties* Absolute Numbers World War I Casualties* Absolute Numbers *According to historian, Niall Ferguson, the highest casualty rates, per capita, were suffered by Serbia followed by Scotland. Example: Old Meldrum, Aberdeenshire, pop. 1300, lost 43 men.

94. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

95. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey 19141922 Erzerum215,0001,500 Van197,000500 Kharbert204,00035,000 Diarbekir124,0003,000 Bitlis220,00056,000 Sivas225,00016,800 Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey Western Anatolia371,80027,000 Cilicia and Northern Syria309,00070,000 European Turkey194,000163,000 Trapizond District73,39015,000 Total 2,133,190387,800