2. TCA cycle Tri carboxylic acid cycle : is called so because several of its metabolites have three carboxyl group (citrate,cis- aconitate,isocitrate). Also called Kreb-cycle Cycle of energy production, central cycle in the metabolisim of CHO, fatty acid and amino acid. TCA cycle Tri carboxylic acid cycle : is called so because several of its metabolites have three carboxyl group (citrate,cis- aconitate,isocitrate). Also called Kreb-cycle Cycle of energy production, central cycle in the metabolisim of CHO, fatty acid and amino acid.

3. TCA cycle Primary function of this cycle is energy production and final metabolites are CO2 and H 2 O. Pyrovate which is the end product of glycolytic pathway is converted to acetyl coA as in the reaction pyruvate dehydrogenas + FAD Pyruvate Acetyl coA +CoA-SH +CO2 +NADH +NAD Primary function of this cycle is energy production and final metabolites are CO2 and H 2 O. Pyrovate which is the end product of glycolytic pathway is converted to acetyl coA as in the reaction pyruvate dehydrogenas + FAD Pyruvate Acetyl coA +CoA-SH +CO2 +NADH +NAD

4. TCA cycle Steps of TCA cycle Citrate synthetase Oxaloacetate Citrate + acetyl CoA CH2COOH | HO-COOH | CH2COOH Steps of TCA cycle Citrate synthetase Oxaloacetate Citrate + acetyl CoA CH2COOH | HO-COOH | CH2COOH

5. TCA cycle Aconitase Citrate Cis-aconitate H2O CH2COOH | C- COOH || CH-COOH Aconitase Citrate Cis-aconitate H2O CH2COOH | C- COOH || CH-COOH

6. TCA cycle Aconitase Cis-aconitate Iso-citrate H2O CH2COOH | CH-COOH | HO-CH-COOH Aconitase Cis-aconitate Iso-citrate H2O CH2COOH | CH-COOH | HO-CH-COOH

7. TCA cycle Isocitrate dehydrogenase Isocitrate Oxalosuccinate + NAD + NADH Isocitrate dehydrogenase Isocitrate Oxalosuccinate + NAD + NADH

8. TCA cycle Isocitrate dehydrogenase Oxalosuccinate α-ketoglutyrate CO2 Isocitrate dehydrogenase Oxalosuccinate α-ketoglutyrate CO2

9. TCA cycle α-ketoglutyrate dehydrogenase complex α-ketoglutyrate succinyl CoA + CoA-SH CO2 + NAD + NADH α-ketoglutyrate dehydrogenase complex α-ketoglutyrate succinyl CoA + CoA-SH CO2 + NAD + NADH

10. TCA cycle Succinate Thiokinase Succinyl CoA Succinate Mg CoA-SH +ADP + ATP Succinate Thiokinase Succinyl CoA Succinate Mg CoA-SH +ADP + ATP

11. TCA cycle Succinate dehydrogenase Succinate Fumerate + FAD + FADH Succinate dehydrogenase Succinate Fumerate + FAD + FADH

12. TCA cycle Fumarase Fumarate Malate H2O Fumarase Fumarate Malate H2O

13. TCA cycle Malate dehydrogenase Malate Oxaloacetate + NAD + NADH Malate dehydrogenase Malate Oxaloacetate + NAD + NADH