1. Happy Monday! Bellwork: October 26 Write the following question and your answers on a bellwork page. In what organelle does transcription occur in the cell? In what organelle does translation occur?

2. Science Fact of the Day: Fingernails grow four times as fast as toenails.

3. Let’s get ready! Title: DNA Mutations Date: 10-26-15 Essential Question: What effect will a mutation have on the body? Fold your mutation paper in half hot dog style and glue it in on the left side of the page. Leave some room at the bottom

5. Think about it: What happens if our DNA gets messed up?

6. Do you know of any diseases caused by genetic mutations?

7. Mutations: changes in the genetic material caused by mistakes during replication, transcription, or due to environmental factors (radiation) Sickle Cell Anemia Color Blindness Crystal clear underwater vision! Crystal clear underwater vision Resistance to HIV

8. In other words mutations are changes in DNA How big is DNA? How big is DNA?

9. Two major types of mutations: Point Mutations (substitutions) A mutation that changes a single base Frameshift Mutations An insetion or deletion that affects the entire amino acid sequence

10. Normal DNA Phe Tyr AlaArg DNA mRNA

11. Silent: DNA mRNA PheTyr Ala Arg Even though a base changes, it does not cause a change in the amino acids Point Mutation Mutations only “matter” if they change the amino acid sequence. Ex. Wicked Bible

12. Missense: DNA mRNA PheTyr Gly Arg A base change causes a change in one amino acid Point Mutation

13. Nonsense: DNA mRNA PheStop Ala Arg A base change causes an early stop Point Mutation

14. Insertion: DNA mRNA Phe IsoCysThr A base is added and causes a change in all the amino acids after it Frameshift Mutation

15. Deletion: DNA mRNA Phe LeuHis A base is deleted and causes a change in all the amino acids after it Frameshift Mutation

16. Genetic Mutations: Your Name 1.Copy the chart below. 2.Write your name in the first box. 3.Put a box around each codon. 4.Fill in the rest of the start by doing the mutation. 5.Put a box around each codon after the mutation. Name:T I F F A N Y J O Y J O N E S Insertion (add a base into the sequence) T I F F A N Y Z J O Y J O N E S Deletion (take a base away) T I F F A N J O Y J O N E S Substitution (take out a base and put a different one in its place T I F F A N Z J O Y J O N E S

17. Quick Write Which is more likely to have a bigger effect on an organism, a point mutation or frameshift mutation? Explain why.

18. Use the remainder of class to start on your homework (due tomorrow). The amino acids can be abbreviated to only the first 3 letters.