Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byTracey Reed Modified over 9 years ago
1
A Multicast Routing Algorithm Using Movement Prediction for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Huei-Wen Ferng, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering (CSIE) Nation Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST) Wireless Communications and Networking Engineering (WCANE) Lab E-mail: hwferng@mail.ntust.edu.twhwferng@mail.ntust.edu.tw URL: http://mail.ntust.edu.tw/~hwfernghttp://mail.ntust.edu.tw/~hwferng
2
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab2 Outline Introduction Description of the proposed protocol Numerical examples and discussions Conclusions
3
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab3 Introduction (1/2) The multicast communication is a challenging issue in MANETs because of frequent topology changes. Approaches to update states of neighbors Soft state approach vs. Hard state approach Two categories of multicast algorithms Mesh-based vs. Tree-based A few routing algorithms in MANETs Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) On Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP)
4
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab4 Introduction (2/2) Goal To propose a tree-based routing algorithm with hard state update called Tree-based Multicast Routing Algorithm with Movement Prediction (TMRAMP) Features Less overhead Prediction-based Local path search and recovery
5
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab5 Outline Introduction Description of the proposed protocol Numerical examples and discussions Conclusions
6
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab6 TMRAMP The algorithm is composed of three parts Movement prediction Routing protocol Local path search and recovery
7
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab7 Movement Prediction Assume that the moving speeds, coordinates, and directions of two mobile nodes, say node 1 and node 2, are given, then we can calculate the connection time D t using the following equation (by Su, Lee, and Gerla) where
8
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab8 Routing Protocol The source first broadcasts a Join Request packet which includes the necessary information. A node upon receiving a Join Request packet determines if it is a duplicate. If it is not duplicate and the Hop Count (HP) is still smaller a pre-specified threshold, movement prediction is applied to estimate the link connection time (LCT) between this node and its upstream node. Set RCT=min( LCT, RCT), where RCT stands for Route Connection Time. The modified packet is broadcasted to neighbors.
9
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab9 Routing Protocol For a group member, it further chooses the path with the largest RCT since multiple Join Request packets may be received from different paths. Of course, a member routing table is maintained at each node such that Join Reply packets sent by group members are able to return back to the sender along the chosen paths.
10
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab10 Local Path Search and Recovery We assume that all necessary information is available and is put into packets so as to make GPS work. By setting a threshold BeginHandoff, a node can estimate the time when the link will terminate. When the estimated connection time falls below the threshold, the node will issue the Rejoin packet to its neighbors.
11
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab11 Local Path Search and Recovery A neighboring node upon receiving the packet first checks Duplicate? On-tree node? If it is not duplicate and an on-tree node, a Reply Rejoin (with estimated connection life time) is sent; otherwise, Rejoin packet is broadcasted to neighbors. For the disconnected node, a path with the longest life time is chosen as a new path. If no path can be found, the disconnected node tries repeatedly to contact any on-tree node with scope one hop larger until at least one is found.
12
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab12 Local Path Search and Recovery
13
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab13 Outline Introduction Description of the proposed protocol Numerical examples and discussions Conclusions
14
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab14 Simulation Arrangements
15
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab15 Performance Metrics (Data) packet delivery ratio Number of control packets transmitted per data packet received -> reflect overhead Number of data packets received per data packet transmitted -> represent routing efficiency
16
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab16 Simulation Results TMRAMP outperforms ODMRP by reducing 20% to 60% of overhead.
17
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab17 Simulation Results TMRAMP performs better by gaining 10% to 15% more routing efficiency than ODMRP.
18
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab18 Simulation Results TMRAMP outperforms ODMRP by reducing 10% to 30% of overhead. In general, about 40% improvement can be achieved by TMRAMP as compared to ODMRP.
19
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab19 Outline Introduction Description of the proposed protocol Numerical examples and discussions Conclusions
20
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab20 Conclusions TMRAMP is about 20% to 60% higher under various moving speeds and 10% to 30% higher under various group sizes than ODMRP in overhead. TMRAMP outperforms ODMRP in routing efficiency by 10% to 15% under various moving speeds and up to 40% under various group sizes. A scheme using tree-based routing is more suitable than that using mesh-base routing when applied to an environment with a large group. Hence, we suggest TMRAMP to be used in MANETs.
21
5/30/2005 VTC 2005-SpringNTUST/WCANE Lab21 Thank You!
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.