1. The Red Scare: Causes & Effects

2. Historical Context 1st Red Scare : 1917 – mid 1920s
1930s – Early 1940s : Heyday of American Left (including communists)
1945 → : Cold War

3. Why a “RED SCARE”?

4. Public Hysteria Actual Events ↔ Anti-Red Crusaders ↔ Media
Major Targets: US Govt, Academia, Unions, Hollywood

5. Soviet Espionage active from WW2 on Most spies = American-born
Venona Project - FBI
Alger Hiss perjury case, 1948
Atomic spies
Julius & Ethel Rosenberg, convicted & executed

6. U.S. Government Reacts Smith Act, 1940 Loyalty Review Board, 1947
Dennis v US, 1951
Loyalty Review Board, 1947
Attorney General’s List of Subversive Orgs
McCarran Internal Security Bill, 1950
Security v. Liberty

7. HUAC
Rep. Nixon w/ evidence of espionage found in pumpkin patch

8. McCarthyism

10. Increasing Recklessness
McCarthy alleged communist conspiracy reached highest levels of Truman Admin.
Former Sec. of State Marshall
Sec. of State Dean Acheson (defender of Hiss)
Truman: loyal American but blind to disloyalty around him
McCarthy accused architect of the Marshall Plan (& 5-star General) George Marshall of participating in "a conspiracy so immense and an infamy so black as to dwarf any previous venture in the history of man."

11. “Give ‘em hell Harry”

12. Increasing Recklessness
Eisenhower’s approval turned to rebuke when McCarthy accused GOP
Downfall
McCarthy – Army hearings, summer 1954
CBS’s Edward R. Murrow’s exposÉ
Senate censure, Dec. 1954
TV helped create McCarthy & helped destroy him

13. McCarthyism Beyond McCarthy
Untold 1000s lost their jobs, esp in govt, universities, schools & Hollywood
Blacklists
Unions purged
Many forced to take “loyalty oaths”
Any criticism of US could warrant an accusation of Communism
Stunted the Left & even Liberalism

14. Why Red Scare Ended Too many charges, too few actual Commies caught
McCarthy discredited
Gradual easing of CW tensions
End of 50s gave rise to new concerns
Sixties

15. 1950s DBQ
Directions: The following question requires you to construct a coherent essay that integrates your interpretation of the document packages AND your knowledge of the period referred to in the question. High scores will be earned only by essays that cite key pieces of evidence from the documents and draw on outside knowledge of the period.
What were the Cold War fears of the American people in the aftermath of the Second World War? How successfully did the administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower address these fears?

16. Step 2 → E.A.T. – The Evidence
Step 1 – De-construct the Prompt
What are you being asked?
Step 2 → E.A.T. – The Evidence
Now: Brainstorm evidence that is relevant to the questions asked in the DBQ essay prompt.
Tonight: Organize the evidence around three ideas. (These ideas will eventually become your arguments.)

17. E.A.T. – The Evidence Conceptualize Categorize ACTIVELY think and read
begin thinking of an answer & how you’ll support it
brainstorm relevant evidence
Categorize
Group related evidence together
Use these categories of evidence to begin formulating your arguments
REMINDER: evidence (statistical dates, events, individuals, etc.) can be used for more than one argument

18. E.A.T. – The Evidence Prioritize Analyze
review evidence: which is most significant? which best reflects your under-development arguments?
Analyze
do not just compile a list of facts & dates
EXPLAIN how/why the 1-3 pieces of evidence you’ve selected answer the question asked
explore the deeper MEANING of the evidence
make the evidence’s historical connections & relevance CRYSTAL CLEAR

19. E.A.T. – The Arguments
HW: create arguments that encapsulate the analysis of evidence that you’ve just completed.