2. Data Structures

3. What The Course Is About Data structures is concerned with the representation and manipulation of data.

4. What The Course Is About Algorithm design methods needed to develop programs that do the data manipulation.

5. Data Structures and Algorithms s Data structures have operations that manipulate the data. s The design and implementation of these operations involve algorithms that consist of a finite sequence of instructions to perform a task. s Nicolas Wirth coined the expression "data structures + algorithms = programming."

6. Data Structures and Object-Oriented Programming s Modern object-oriented programming is an ideal mechanism for designing and implementing a data structure. s Java has good object-oriented design constructs that support a modern view of data structures.

7. Grades  平時 20%  期中考 40%  期末考 40%

8. Stack s A container of objects that are inserted and removed according to the last-in-first-out (LIFO) principle. s Only the last (the most recently inserted) object can be removed.

9. Queue s Differs from a stack in that its insertion and removal follows the first-in-first-out (FIFO) principle. s The element which has been in the queue the longest may be removed.

10. Sequence (or list) s A collection of linearly arranged element (a linear order). s Provides methods for accessing, inserting, and removing arbitrary elements. s Notion of position, before and after. s Stacks and queues are a restricted form of a sequence. s Example, –A,B,C,D,E,F –a_1, a_2, a_3, …

11. Tree s A collection of objects arranged in a hierarchical fashion. s E.g., organization of corporation, table of contents, dos/unix file systems, family tree.

12. Tree s Example,

13. Priority queue s An abstract type for storing a collection of prioritized elements that s supports arbitrary element insertion but support s removal of elements only in order of priority.

14. Dictionaries s The collection of objects organized for fast lookup using search keys. s Examples, –binary search trees. –AVL trees.

15. Graphs s Representing a way of connections or relationships between pairs of objects.