1. ACID MINE DRAINAGE PROJECT ELKLAND JR./SR. HIGH SCHOOL & MANSFIELD UNIVERSITY 2009

2. Post 1865 Pre 1865 Blossburg (http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/DEPUTATE/MINRES/Districts/homepage/California/Underground/PA%20Mining%20History/PA _coal_fields_map.jpg)

3. 1000 A.D. Hopi Indians 1673-74—Louis Jolliet and Father Jacques Marquette discover “charbon de terra” on Illinois River 1701-Coal found by settlers in near today’s Richmond, Virginia 1762-Coal gas used to power street lights in Baltimore 1830-First coal powered locomotive, ‘Tom Thumb” 1875-Coke replaces charcoal as fuel for Iron Furnaces (American Coal Foundation Website, 2005)

4. 1848-First coal miners union started in Schuykill County, Pennsylvania 1890-United Mine Workers of America is formed 1912-First SCBA used in a mine rescue 1930-Molded, protective helmet created for miners 1937-Shuttle car invented (American Coal Foundation Website, 2005)

5. 1762-Coal gas used to power street lights in Baltimore 1830-First coal powered locomotive, ‘Tom Thumb” 1866-Strip mining becomes common practice 1875-Coke replaces charcoal as fuel for Iron Furnaces 1896-Steel timbering first used 1901-GE.Co. builds first coal fired electric plant in PA 1950-Present-Mechanized drilling rigs replace humans (American Coal Foundation Website, 2005)

6. 1977-SMRCA (Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act is passed. 1986-Clean Coal Technology Act is passed. 2002-Coal mining companies reclaimed 2 millionth acre of mined land (American Coal Foundation Website, 2005)

7. 1973-1974-Oil embargo by OPEC focuses attention on US coal and increases demand 1990-Us coal production tops one billion tons a year 1995-The NCA and AMC merge into NMA to represent coal and mineral companies 1996-Energy Policy Act opens electric utility to competition 2005-President Bush signs into law the Energy Policy Act—promotes increased usage of coal through clean coal technologies (American Coal Foundation Website, 2005)

8. America entered the Second Industrial Revolution due to: 1.) Embargo Act of 1807 2.) War of 1812 America’s industrialization required three developments: 1.) Expansion of transportation 2.)Effectively harnessing electricity 3.) Increase productivity in refining and manufacturing (http://www.kidinfo.com/American_History/Industrial_Revolution.html) (http://artofmanliness.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/andrew_carnegie_three-quarter_length_portrait_seated_facing_ slightly_left_1913.jpg)

9. (http://staffwww.fullcoll.edu/tmorris/elements_of_ecology/images/coal_miners.jpg) Mine Collapse Drowning Gas Pockets Coal Dust Black Lung Human Waste Miners Strike

10. Long work hours No health insurance Health problems Loss of income Strikes Death “Black Maria” (www.shorpy.com/node/1384)