1. By Mrs Pang-Han Ah Yew

2. Foundation of Buddha’s teaching associated with so- called being Doctrine is homo-centric vs theo-centric religions Introvert not extrovert Do not and cannot change with time –eternal truths Original: ‘With regard to things unheard before, there arose in me the eye, the knowledge, the wisdom, the insight and the light’ Called ‘Ariya Saccani’ –discovered by the greatest Ariya (far removed from passions)

3. 1. Suffering (dukkha ariya sacca) 2. Cause of suffering (dukkha samudaya ariya sacca) 3. Cessation of suffering (dukkha nirodha ariya sacca) 4. Path leading to the cessation of suffering (dukkha nirodha gamini patipada ariya sacca)

4.  Dukkha=that which difficult to endure  Du=comtemtible; kha=emptiness  Birth is suffering  Decay is suffering  Disease is suffering  Death is suffering  United with the unpleasant is suffering  Separated from the pleasant is suffering  Not getting desires is suffering; Wish unfulfilled is suffering  In brief, the 5 aggregates of attachment is suffering

5.  Deals with the constituents of self (individuality & different phases of life)  Analysed  Scrutinised  Examined →a proper understanding of self

6. Individual is composed of 5 phycho-physical parts: 1. Matter (rupa) 2. Feeling (vedana) 3. Perception (sanna) -2 ) mind = 52 4. Mental states (samkhara) -50 ) cetasikas 5. Consciousness (vinnana)

7.  Deals with past, present & future births – implied kamma; deals with mental attitude of ordinary man towards external objects of sense  Craving produces rebirth (ponobhavika) accompanied by passionate clinging, welcoming life  Craving for sensual pleasures (kamatanha)  Craving for existence (bhavatanha)  Craving for non-existence (vibhavatanha)

8.  Concerned with a powerful source latent in us all – craving, causing ills of life  Complete separation from, & destruction of craving  Its forsaking  Renunciation of attachment to external world  Realised by developing Noble Eightfold Path - liberation therefrom → nibbana  Non-attachment thereto

9.  The Noble Eightfold Path  Purely mental  Blessings:  Absolute purity  complete deliverance from all repeated births  mind released from all passions  immortality