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Differences in Culture Chapter 3 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
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Mazda ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 3-1
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Culture “A system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living.” Hofstede, Namenwirth and Weber ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 3-2
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Norms and Values Values: Abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right and desirable. OR Shared assumptions about how things ought to be. Norms: social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations. 3-3 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
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Folkways and Mores Folkways: Routine conventions of everyday life. Little moral significance. Generally, social conventions such as dress codes, social manners, and neighborly behavior. Mores: Norms central to the functioning of society and its social life. Greater significance than folkways. Violation can bring serious retribution. Theft, adultery, incest and cannibalism. 3-4 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
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World’s Religions 3-5 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
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Map 3.13-6
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©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Map 3.23-7
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©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Map 3.33-8
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Caste and Class 3-9 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
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Power Distance Index 3-10 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1999 Table 3.1 in text
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Individualism Index 3-11 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1999 Table 3.1 in text
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Uncertainty Avoidance Index 3-12 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1999 Table 3.1 in text
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Masculinity Index 3-13 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Table 3.1 in text
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Hofstede - Caution! Assumes one-to-one relationship between culture and the nation-state. The research may have been culturally bound. Survey respondents were from a single industry (computer) and a single company (IBM). ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 3-14
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Cultural Change Culture is not a constant; it evolves over time. USA in the 1960s as the American values toward the role of women changed. Japan, today, as it moves toward greater individualism in the workplace. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 3-15
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