1. Arnold Bregt SDI Policy-People-Culture 0

2. 1 Contents SDI & people and organizations SDI and culture SDI and policy (separate sheets)

3. 2 SDI and People PeoplePolicyData Standards Technology (Rajabifard et al, 2002)

4. 3 SDI & People (roles) Meaning of people in SDI: Individuals Organizations (group of people)

5. 4 Users Policy makers, money providers, coordinators Data providers, service providers, value adders Researchers and organizations SDI & People (roles)

6. Users 5 Very important actor within SDI Little know about wishes Reason: diverse group and hardly any investigation

7. Canadian approach User centered-design input of users at various stages in the design of a system ensures that it is easy to use and meets the needs of its users source: GeoConnections

8. 7 Are always users/potential clients right? Henry Ford - founder of the Ford Motor Company: "If I had asked my customers what they wanted, they would have said: - a faster horse." Therefore other roles are also important for: innovative thinking expertise research SDI & People (roles)

9. 8 Policy makers, money providers, coordinators Executive bodies e.g. www.geonovum.nl Ministries

10. INSPIRE (example) 9 Source: State of Play 2010

11. INSPIRE (example) 10 Source: State of Play 2010

12. INSPIRE (example) 11

13. 12 Data providers, service providers, value adders

14. 13 Non-profit organization Members from more than 50 countries USA-initiative Annual conference Newsletters Funding UN SDI Researchers and SDI organizations

15. 14 INSPIRE SDIU-JRC Researchers and SDI organizations

16. 15 PCGIAP: Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia & the Pacific PCGIAP PCIDEA: Permanent Committee on SDI for the Americas PCIDEA Researchers and SDI organizations

17. 16

18. 17 Researchers and SDI organizations Examples The University of Melbourne SADL, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven SADL CGI

19. 18 SDI Conferences GSDI conferences – every 1,5 year EC GI & GIS workshops (since 2008 Inspire Conference) – every year AGILE – every year Researchers and SDI organizations

20. 19 There are a few key organizations that play a role in any SDI, but the local arrangement depends strongly on the (national historical) setting and culture SDI organizations

21. Cultural differences and SDI

22. 21 What is Culture?

23. 22 What is culture? a set of learned beliefs, values and behaviors the way of life is shared by the members of a society. Cultural differences and SDI

24. personality culture human nature Specific to individual Specific to group Universal Inherited and learned Learned Inherited Three levels of uniqueness in human mental programming (Hofstede, 1997)

25. 24 Characterizing Culture (Hofstede, 1997) power distance (PDI) individualism/collectivism (IDV) masculinity/femininity (MAS) uncertainty avoidance (UAI) long term orientation (LTO) (added 1991) Indulgence versus Restraint (IVR) (added in 2010) National and regional cultural groupings affect the behavior of societies and organizations, and that are very persistent across time. Cultural differences and SDI

26. 25

27. 26

28. 27 Cultural differences and SDI

29. 28 Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Cultural differences and SDI

30. 29 What is the relation between culture and SDI? High value for individualism, strong bottom up initiatives. High value for long-term orientation, strong SDI vision and funding. Cultural differences and SDI

31. 30 Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Masculinity versus Femininity large smallstrong weakmasc. fem. Access to GI L H L/H H Sharing of GI L HL L/HL H L, H = low, high support for access to and part. use of GI Cultural differences and SDI

32. Relation with SDI 31

33. Results 32

34. Results 33

35. Assignment week 3 Please prepare a presentation about your SDI case from a social point of view. Describe the data policy of your case and subsequently try to explain it from a cultural perspective. (Use Hofstede’s cultural dimensions as a characterization of culture in your case study) 34

36. Week 3 Formulate one proposition related to the theme of this week. (It is not necessary to link it with your case study) 35

37. Thank you for your attention! Questions?