2. CHAPTER SEVEN AUDIO

3. FROM NEEDLE TO LASER 1877-2002 1877 EDISON – Recorded “Mary had a little lamb” on first PHONOGRAPH TO 1991 PHILIPS – unveiled the DCC (digital compact cassette at a affordable price TO 2002INTERNET - MP3

4. AUDIO MEDIA HEARING AND LISTENING ARE NOT THE SAME THING HEARING AND LISTENING ARE NOT THE SAME THING

5. HEARING AND LISTENING Hearing – Physiological process Hearing – Physiological process Listening – Psychological process Listening – Psychological process

6. HEARING AND LISTENING ARE TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESSES Typical elementary and high school students spend about 50% of their school time just listening. Typical elementary and high school students spend about 50% of their school time just listening. College students spend nearly 90% listening to lectures College students spend nearly 90% listening to lectures

7. 4 AREAS OF BREAKDOWN IN AUDIO COMMUNICATION 4 AREAS OF BREAKDOWN IN AUDIO COMMUNICATION VOLUME – high/low VOLUME – high/low AUDITORY FATIGUE – gradually tuning out due to annoyance are fatigued from “carrying the same load” AUDITORY FATIGUE – gradually tuning out due to annoyance are fatigued from “carrying the same load”

8. BREAKDOWNS IN AUDIO COMMUNICATION Physically impaired Physically impaired Lack of listening skills Lack of listening skills

9. LISTENING SKILL TECHNIQUES LISTENING SKILL TECHNIQUES Hearing is the foundation to Listening. Make sure all students can hear. GUIDE LISTENING GIVE DIRECTIONS Audio or Verbal LISTEN FOR MAIN IDEAS RELEVANT AND IRRELEVANT INFO

10. TWO TYPES OF AUDIO MEDIA MOST OFTEN USED FOR INSTRUCTION CASSETTE TAPES COMPACTDISCS

11. ADVANTAGES CASSETTECOMPACT DISC PortableVery Durable DurableHigh fidelity Easy to UseNo background noise Can prevent accidentalRandom search erasing Requires small storage space

12. LIMITATIONS CASSETTECOMPACT DISC Tape sticks/tanglesImpractical to prepare locally Noise and hissInitial expense of equipment Poor fidelity w/inexpensive players Broken tapes/hard to repair Difficult to edit

13. NEW DIRECTION FOR AUDIO COMPUTERS AND INTERNET MP3 MPEG Audio Layer 3

14. COPYRIGHT CONCERNS MUSICAL WORK FROM INTERNET 10% OR 30 Seconds 10% OR 30 Seconds Copies for students not to exceed 1 per student Copies for students not to exceed 1 per student FAIR USE QUIZ

15. INTEGRATION Limited only by imagination Limited only by imagination Can be used in all phases of instruction Can be used in all phases of instructionIntroductions Evaluation of learning Self-paced instruction Telling stories Playing games Make famous voices come alive Talking Books for blind

16. SELECTING AUDIO MATERIALS ANALYZE AUDIENCE ANALYZE AUDIENCE STATE OBJECTIVE STATE OBJECTIVE LOCATE AVAILABLE MATERIALS LOCATE AVAILABLE MATERIALS APPRAISE APPRAISE