1. Academic Lyceum of National University of Uzbekistan

2. Presentation Work

3. By theme: Modal verbs.

4. Plan: 1. Can (could), be able to 2. Must, have to 3. May, might

5. Can (could), be able to Can-qila olmoq ish harakatini ifodalaydi. We use can to say that something is possible or that someone. Has the ability to do something. For example: - You can see the sea from our bedroom window. - He can finish his work next week. The questions of “can” - Can you speak any foreign languages? We use “can’t” to say that we think smth is impossible. The negative can (can’t) For example: - You have only just had dinner. You can’t be hungry already. For example: - I am afraid. I can’t come to your party next Friday. - My nephew can’t play the piano.

6. Can (could), be able to We use Be able to is possible instead of can, but can is more usual: The questions of “be able to” For example: - Are you able to speak any foreign languages? But can has only two forms: can (present) and could (past). So sometimes you have to use be able to. The negative of “be able to” For example: − I haven’t been able to sleep recenty. “Be able to”: For example: − Tom might be able to come tomorrow.

7. Can (could), be able to Could: We use could is the past of can. We use could especially with these verbs: See, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand. For example: − When we went into the house, we could smell burning. −She spoke in a low voice but I could understand what she was saying. The negative couldn't: For example: − My grandfather couldn't swim. − We tried hard but we couldn't persuade them to come with us. The questions of could. For example: − “Could use your telephone?” “Yes, of course.” “ Do you think I could borrow your bicycle?' 'Yes, help yourself. ” We also use could to say that someone had the general ability to do something: For example: − My mother could speak five languages. - When Tom was 16, he could run 100 meters in 11 seconds.

8. Can (could), be able to We also use could to talk about possible future happenings: For example: - There could be another rise in the price of petrol soon. “Was able to” is the past of “be able to” We also mean that someone managed to do something in one particular situation, we have to use “was”, “were able to”. For example: - The fire spread through the building very quickly but everyone was able to escape - They didn’t want to come with us at first but in the end we were able to persuade them. The negative of “be able to” For example: - I am not able to read this book. The questions of “be able to” For example: - Is he able to do it? - Was he able to swim?

9. Must, have to “Must”-kerak, shart. “had to”-the past of “must” to be to The equivalent of “must” to have to

10. Must We use must (do) and have to (do) to say that it is necessary to do something. Often it doesn't matter which you use: For example: - Oh dear, it's later than I thought. I must (have to) go now - You must (have to) have to f have a passport to visit most foreign countries There is sometimes a difference between must and have to. With must the speaker is giving his own feelings, saying what be thinks is necessary: For example: - The government really must do something about unemployment. (= The speaker personally feels chat the government must do something.) We can only use “must” to talk about the present and future. For example: - We must go now. - You must leave tomorrow. We use “must” means that it is necessary that you do something. For example: - You haven’t gol much time. You must hurry. - You can tell Tom what I said but he must keep it a secret.

11. Must Also we use must to say we are sure that something is true: For example: - I hear that your examinations are next week. You must be studying very hard at the moment. - Carol knows a lot about films. She must go to the cinema a lot. The negative of “must” You mustn't do something' means: it is necessary that you do not do it': - You mustn't tell anyone what I said. - I promised I'd be on time. I mustn't be late. The questions of “must” - For example: - Must he go there tomorrow? - Yes, he must/No, he needn’t

12. Have to We use have to when you are not giving your personal opinion: For example: - Jill won't be here this afternoon. She has to go to the doctor. “Have to” can be used in all forms. For example: - I had to go the lyceum. (past) - I might have to go to the lyceum. (infinitive) - Have you ever had to go to the lyceum. (present perfect) With “have to” the speaker is not giving his own feelings. He is just giving facts. For example: - Ann's eyes are not very good. She has to wear glasses for reading. - I can't meet you on Friday. I have to work. The past (yesterday / last week etc.) is had to...: - There was no bus, so we had to walk home.

13. Have to In questions and negatives we use do / does (present) and did (past): For example: - What time do you have to get up tomorrow morning? - Does Jill have to work on Saturdays? - Why did they have to leave the party early? With have to the speaker is not giving his own feelings. He is just giving facts. For example: - Ann's eyes are not very good. She has to wear glasses for reading. - I can't meet you on Friday. I have to work.; Note that we use do/does/did with have to in present and past questions and negative sentences: - What do I have to do to get a driving licence? - Why did you have to go to hospital? - Tom doesn't have to work on Saturdays.

14. May, might We use may or might to talk about possible happenings or possible actions in the future. Study these examples: For example: - I'm not sure where to go for my holidays but I may go to Italy. - The weather forecast is not very good. It might rain this afternoon. The negative form is may not or might not (mightn't): For example: - Ann may not come to the party tonight. She isn't feeling well. - There might not be a meeting on Friday because the director is ill. It doesn't matter whether you use may or might. We can say: For example: - I may go to Italy. or I might go to Italy. To say what was possible in the past, we use may have (done) and might have (done): For example: - I wonder why Ann didn't answer the doorbell. Well, I suppose she may have been in the bath. (= perhaps she was in the bath) Well, I suppose she may have been in the bath. (= perhaps she was in the bath) - Why didn't he say hello when he passed us in the street? He might have been day-dreaming.

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