1. Stellar Evolution Task High Mass Stars How do they evolve

2. The evolutionary path of a high mass star Draw the path from main sequence to super nova in the HR diagram provided on the printed hand-outs NEXT Hand out Starter Task A Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence super nova 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun

3. What sizes can stars have Highlight the smallest and largest sizes of a high mass star during its evolution on the size scale on the printed hand-out Sun NottinghamNTUYouEarth Jupiter Solar System Earth's Orbit Saturn's Orbit Next Star Galaxy 700 000 km 10 km1 km0.002 km Atom 0.000000000001 km 6 000 km70 000 km 700 000 km150 000 000 km1 500 000 000 km6 000 000 000 km 40 000 000 000 000 km 300 000 000 000 000 000 km NEXT Hand out Starter Task B

4. Main page of high mass evolution Evolutionary Speed Size Evolution Colour Change Learn more about Some Questions on high mass evolution Some further images and information on evolutionary stages Redo the starter tasks to finish Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun super nova

5. The evolutionary path of a high mass star Draw the path from main sequence to super nova in the HR diagram provided on the printed hand-outs NEXT Hand out Starter Task A Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence super nova 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun

6. What sizes can stars have Highlight the smallest and largest sizes of a high mass star during its evolution on the size scale on the printed hand-out Sun NottinghamNTUYouEarth Jupiter Solar System Earth's Orbit Saturn's Orbit Next Star Galaxy 700 000 km 10 km1 km0.002 km Atom 0.000000000001 km 6 000 km70 000 km 700 000 km150 000 000 km 1 500 000 000 km 40 000 000 000 000 km 300 000 000 000 000 000 km NEXT Hand out Starter Task B

7. That's all on high mass stellar evolution ! Stellar Evolution Task

8. Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun A high mass star in the HR diagram Time Main sequence NEXT Play super nova

9. A high mass star in the HR diagram Time NEXTPrevious Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence super nova 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun Play

10. A high mass star in the HR diagram Time NEXTPrevious Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun super nova Play

11. A high mass star in the HR diagram Time NEXTPrevious Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun super nova Super giants Play

12. A high mass star in the HR diagram Time Previous Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun super nova Super giants Return to Main Page Play

13. Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun A high mass star in the HR diagram Main sequence NEXT Play super nova Size 0 km

14. A high mass star in the HR diagram NEXT Previous Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence super nova 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun Size 0 km Play

15. A high mass star in the HR diagram NEXT Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun super nova Size 0 km Previous Play

16. A high mass star in the HR diagram NEXT Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun super nova Super giants 0 km Previous Size Play

17. A high mass star in the HR diagram NEXT Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun super nova Super giants 0 km Previous Size Play

18. A high mass star in the HR diagram Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun super nova 0 km Previous Size Very massive Return to Main Page Neutron star or Black Hole Black Hole Neutron Star Play

19. Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun A high mass star in the HR diagram Main sequence NEXT super nova Colour Play

20. A high mass star in the HR diagram NEXT Previous Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence super nova 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun Colour Play

21. A high mass star in the HR diagram NEXT Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun super nova Previous Colour Play

22. A high mass star in the HR diagram NEXT Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun super nova Super giants Previous Colour Play

23. A high mass star in the HR diagram Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun super nova Super giants Previous Colour Return to Main Page Play

24. Stellar evolution high mass stars quiz When has a high mass star reached its largest size? Click on the right region in HR diagram! Return to Main Page Next question Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun super nova

25. When has a high mass star reached its largest size? Correct! Just before a high mass star goes super nova it has reached its largest size of ~2000 times larger than our Sun. Stellar evolution high mass stars quiz Return to Main Page Next question

26. When has a high mass star reached its largest size? Wrong! Either try again or have another look at the size evolution slides Stellar evolution high mass stars quiz Return to Main Page Redo question

27. Stellar evolution high mass stars quiz Which is the longest evolutionary stage of a high mass star? Click on the one of the right regions in HR diagram! Return to Main Page Next question Previous question Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun super nova

28. Which is the longest evolutionary stage of a high mass star? Correct! The main sequence is the longest evolutionary phase of a high mass star. During its short life it will spend most of it (a few million years) on the main sequence. Stellar evolution high mass stars quiz Return to Main Page Next question

29. Which is the longest evolutionary stage of a high mass star? Wrong! Either try again or have another look at the evolutionary speed slides. Stellar evolution high mass stars quiz Return to Main Page Redo question

30. Stellar evolution high mass stars quiz Which colour does a high mass star have on the main sequence? Click on the right colour! Return to Main Page Previous question Luminosity Surface Temperature main sequence 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun super nova

31. Which colour does a high mass star have on the main sequence? Correct! These stars are white and even blue on the main sequence since they have an extremely hot surface. Our Sun is only 5 700 K hot at its surface. Stellar evolution high mass stars quiz Return to Main Page

32. Which colour does a high mass star have on the main sequence? Wrong! Either try again or have another look at the colour change slides. Stellar evolution high mass stars quiz Return to Main Page Redo question

33. Info on high mass evolution Click on an evolutionary phase in the HR diagram you want to learn more about! Main sequence Super giants Super nova Main Page Luminosity Surface Temperature 40 000 K2 500 K 1 Sun 100 000 Sun 0.001 Sun

34. Main Sequence Rosetta Nebula High mass stars actively shape their surroundings already during their main sequence life. When born, like in this example in a gas cloud, they illuminate the surrounding gas and blow the gas away from them. Can you guess which stars in the above picture are the high mass ones? NEXTInfo Page

35. Main Sequence N51 in the Large Magellanic Cloud Again massive stars are responsible for lighting up large gas clouds and blowing bubbles into them. Here even in another small galaxy close to our own Milky Way. NEXTInfo Page Previous

36. Main Sequence M42 - Orion Nebula The closest example of gas clouds containing high mass stars is the Orion Nebula, seen as a hazy patch in Orion's sword. The four very bright stars on the right are the high mass stars. Info Page Previous

37. Super Giants Pistol Star When a high mass star turns super giant it is sooo large it can't hold onto its material on the surface and its pulsations (remember the size change) losses an enourmes amount of its mass into space. Here the super giant is surrounded by material it has ejected into space that consists of heavy elements. NEXTInfo Page

38. Super Giants Eta Carina This super giant has lost so much material that you can't even see the star anymore. In the past astronomers saw the star get brighter as it lost yet again lots of material. Astronomers think it could be a star ~100 times more massive than our Sun and it is about to go supernova in the next million years. Info Page Previous

39. Super Nova M1 - Crab Nebula After a super nova has exploded it leaves behind a large gas cloud rich in heavy elements and able to kick stars star formation in gas clouds close by. This example shows the remains of a supernova ~ 1 000 AD observed by Chinese and Arabian astronomers. In its centre - not visible - is a fast rotating neutron star the size of Nottingham sending out regular radio signals. Info Page NEXT Waves of a Neutron star

40. Super Nova SN 1987a This super nova is the closest one astronomers could observe with their modern telescopes. It reveals an enourmos amount of detail and change in the shape and brightness of the gas cloud as it reacts with its surrounding. Info Page PreviousNEXT

41. Super Nova Kepler's Super Nova The famous astronomer Kepler observed a super nova during his time. Today we can see this large gas cloud slowly expanding into space. This image shows the Xray emission of the gas and shows how hot the gas is. Info Page Previous