1. Maternal Health and Child Mortality Block 5, Group 2 Chris Bull Shally Choi Chris Hart Sylvain Hihn Katie Kelly Jong Kim

2. Maternal Health Maternal health – A state of complete physical, maternal, and social well- being in all matters related to the maternal period.

3. Maternal Mortality Every year, more than 500,000 maternal deaths occur worldwide. Every year, more than 500,000 maternal deaths occur worldwide. The MMR has remained unchanged over the past two to three decades. The MMR has remained unchanged over the past two to three decades.

4. When? Highest death rate between third trimester and first week after the end of pregnancy Highest death rate between third trimester and first week after the end of pregnancy Mortality rates can be especially high after an abortion or stillbirth. Mortality rates can be especially high after an abortion or stillbirth.

5. Where? Sierra Leone2100 Niger1800 Afghanistan1800 Chad1500 Somalia1400 Angola1400 Rwanda1300 Liberia1200 Guinea Bissau1100 Burundi1100 DR of Congo1100 Nigeria1100 Malawi1100 Cameroon1000

6. Where? Ireland 1

7. Why?- Direct Causes Dominant causes: Dominant causes: 1. Hemorrhage 2. Infections 2. Infections 3. Unsafe abortion 3. Unsafe abortion 4. High blood pressure 4. High blood pressure 5. Obstructed labor 5. Obstructed labor

8. Why?- Direct Causes Dominant causes: Dominant causes: 1. Hemorrhage 2. Infections 2. Infections 3. Unsafe abortion 3. Unsafe abortion 4. High blood pressure 4. High blood pressure 5. Obstructed labor 5. Obstructed labor These causes can be prevented with access to proper health care.

9. Why?- Indirect Causes HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS Deaths from accidents, murders, or suicides while a woman is pregnant or within 42 days of delivery Deaths from accidents, murders, or suicides while a woman is pregnant or within 42 days of delivery

10. Child Mortality

11. 9.7 million children died before the age of 5 last year 9.7 million children died before the age of 5 last year …And that was a record low …And that was a record low Up until now, child mortality has never been below 10 million since 1960 Up until now, child mortality has never been below 10 million since 1960 Child mortality is closely linked to poverty Child mortality is closely linked to poverty

12. Where? Most mortality is occurring Sub-Sahara Africa and Southern Asia Most mortality is occurring Sub-Sahara Africa and Southern Asia Most rapid progress has been made in Latin America, Central/Eastern Europe, and East Asia Most rapid progress has been made in Latin America, Central/Eastern Europe, and East Asia * childinfo.org

13. Why? - Causes Most die from preventable causes Most die from preventable causes E.g. Measles vaccinationsE.g. Measles vaccinations Other leading causes include: Other leading causes include: PneumoniaPneumonia DiarrheaDiarrhea MalnutritionMalnutrition AIDSAIDS MalariaMalaria *NYTimes

14. Implications “Relatively simple and inexpensive technologies can have large positive impacts on the most fundamental aspects of well being” (Holdren) “Relatively simple and inexpensive technologies can have large positive impacts on the most fundamental aspects of well being” (Holdren) E.g. Vaccinations/antibiotics are reducing mortality ratesE.g. Vaccinations/antibiotics are reducing mortality rates No single action can solve complex problems such as poor nutrition. However, pilot programs show promise. No single action can solve complex problems such as poor nutrition. However, pilot programs show promise. E.g. Iraq Child Health ProgramE.g. Iraq Child Health Program Complications from pregnancy and childbirth are related to child mortality. Complications from pregnancy and childbirth are related to child mortality.