1. The Effects of Carbon Dioxide and Potassium on Radish Plant Growth Remon Hossain – Warren Mott Marco Lin – Lake Shore

2. 2 Back to School Before we can explain the research experiment we have terms to go over Listen up students Hossain - Lin

3. 3 Terms Dry Ice - Frozen carbon dioxide that sublimates http://xlerator-handdryer.com/2011/05/10/dry-ice-6/ Hossain - Lin

4. 4 Terms Sublimation - A change directly from the solid to a gaseous state without becoming liquid Hossain - Lin

5. 5 Terms Potassium - Atomic number 19 and symbol K - Highly reactive metal that is essential to all life Hossain - Lin

6. 6 Terms Germination - The process of the seed sprouting Hossain - Lin

7. 7 Terms Two-Factor Design of Experiment (DOE) - A way to analyze data of interaction between two variables Hossain - Lin

8. 8 Terms Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - Major source of energy for cellular reaction http://mountzion144.ning.com/profiles/blogs/atp- and-our-transformation Hossain - Lin

9. 9 Terms Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) - A chemical compound with one carbon molecule and two oxygen molecules - Plants use carbon dioxide to process photosynthesis Hossain - Lin

10. 10 Terms Parts per million (ppm) - A notation to denote relative proportions - Parts per million is a lot like percentage except it is out of one million not one hundred Hossain - Lin

11. 11 Terms Photosynthesis - The method used by plants to use sunlight to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide and water Hossain - Lin

12. 12 Problem Statement How does the addition of excess carbon dioxide in the form of dry ice and the addition of excess potassium in the form of potassium gluconate pills affect raddish plant growth? Hossain - Lin

13. 13 Purpose The purpose was to have the most cost efficient, natural and most effective way to increase plant growth. Hossain - Lin

14. 14 Introduction We chose our experiment to discover the effects of dry ice and potassium on radish plant growth If the results are positive, more ways can be used to fertilize plants Hossain - Lin

15. 15 Introduction We chose to use potassium as a fertilizer because plants use potassium to control ATP (energy) We chose carbon dioxide because it is a important part of photosynthesis Hossain - Lin

16. 16 Introduction We chose radish seeds for their fast germination period We chose dry ice as the supplement of carbon dioxide because it is the most cost efficient Hossain - Lin

17. 17 Experiment Facts Plants prefer carbon dioxide levels from 1500 ppm to 2000 ppm Plants also prefer potassium levels of 120 mg of potassium per square feet Hossain - Lin

18. 18 Experiment Facts 1.5 grams of dry ice produce approximately 1500 ppm of carbon dioxide in a 1.4 liter flower pot Hossain - Lin

19. 19 Experiment Facts DOE values for dry ice High – 2 grams Standard – 1.5 grams Low – 1 gram Hossain - Lin

20. 20 Experiment Facts DOE values for potassium High – 180 grams Standard – 120 grams Low – 60 grams Hossain - Lin

21. 21 Hypothesis We predict that the radish plants will grow the most when exposed to 180 mg of potassium and 2 grams of dry ice Hossain - Lin

22. 22 Important Materials Burpee Cherry Belle Radish Seeds CVS Pharmacy Potassium Gluconate Pills http://www.cvs.com/CVSApp/im ages/fs/large/5042825019.jpg http://www.homedepot.com/catalog/productIm ages/300/89/896c3cf3-27e8-4257-8a57- 79c673ac75d7_300.jpg Hossain - Lin

23. 23 Important Materials Dry Ice Premier Pro-Mix potting soil http://www.quimbycorp.com/skin1/images/custom/dry- ice-c-78.html http://www.fayetteconservation.com/ Hossain - Lin

24. 24 Important Materials Electronic Scale Water Hossain - Lin

25. 25 Important Materials 1.4 liter flower pots Ziploc Sandwich Bags (16.5 cm x 14.9 cm) http://www.mosaictilearts.com/project.html http://i20.twenga.com/supplies/sandwich-bag/ziploc-bags- sandwich-60-tp_110015853016591741b.png Hossain - Lin

26. 26 Procedures 1.Germinate radish seeds in Ziploc bags 2.Place soil in the flower pots 3.Label the flower pots accordingly 4.Plant one germinated radish seeds into each of the flower pots Hossain - Lin

27. 27 Procedures 5. Measure the correct solution of potassium and apply it to the corresponding radish plants (high – 180 mg, standard – 120 mg, low – 60 mg) Hossain - Lin

28. 28 Procedures 6. Measure the correct solution of dry ice and add it to the appropriate radish plants (high - 2 g, standard 1.5 g, low - 1 g) Hossain - Lin

29. Duddles - Estapa29

30. Duddles - Estapa30

31. Duddles - Estapa31

32. 32 Procedure 7. Add 50 mL of water to each plant. 8.Record data over the course of 11 days. Hossain - Lin

33. 33 Data DOE Trials Trial 1 (cm) Trial 2 (cm) Trial 3 (cm) Trial 4 (cm) Trial 5 (cm) Standard 6.0 4.08.08.5 (+,+) 4.03.54.56.02.5 ( -,- ) 4.57.07.54.56.0 (+, -) 2.04.08.55.54.5 (-,+) 6.02.55.53.03.5 Hossain - Lin

34. 34 Day One High ValueLow Value Hossain - Lin

35. 35 Day Eleven High ValueLow Value Hossain - Lin

36. 36 Data and Observations DateObservation 3/24/2011 Started adding the potassium and dry ice to the seeds and observed the growth of them. 3/25/2011 Added potassium and dry ice to the plants. They remained the same size as when they were planted. 3/28/2011 Added potassium and dry ice to the plants and the standard plants grew an average 3 cm and ( -,- ) grew an average of 2 cm while the rest grew about 1 cm. Hossain - Lin

37. 37 Data and Observations DateObservation 3/29/2011 Added potassium and dry ice to the plants all and the plants grew on a average of 1 cm. 3/30/2011 Added potassium and dry ice to the plants and all the plants grew on a average of 1 cm. 3/31/2011 Added potassium and dry ice to the plants and all the plants grew on a average of 1 cm. Hossain - Lin

38. 38 Results Runs Average (cm) CO 2 ++4.1 --5.9 +-4.9 -+4.1 K Hossain - Lin

39. 39 Data and Analysis We used a two-factor DOE to test the effect of potassium and dry ice on the growth of radish plants Hossain - Lin

40. 40 Data and Analysis We proved our experiment was stable Hossain - Lin

41. 41 Data and Analysis To find the effect of potassium we graphed the average amount of growth when the variable values were low and high Low Average (cm)High Average (cm) 4.94.1 Hossain - Lin

42. 42 Data and Analysis Hossain - Lin

43. 43 Data and Analysis To find the effect of dry ice we graphed the average amount of growth when the variable values were low and high Low Average (cm)High Average (cm) 5.44.1 Hossain - Lin

44. 44 Data and Analysis Hossain - Lin

45. 45 Data and Analysis There is an interaction effect because the lines are not parallel. Potassium Low Potassium High DottedSolid Hossain - Lin

46. 46 Conclusion We rejected our hypothesis that the high values of both potassium and dry ice would help the plant the most Hossain - Lin

47. 47 Conclusion The hypothesis was false because the low values proved to be the most effective 3 rd (T) 1 st 2 nd 3 rd (T) Hossain - Lin

48. 48 Real Life Application If the radish plants benefit from the potassium or dry ice, the agricultural industry can use potassium or dry ice to promote the growth of their plants Hossain - Lin

49. 49 Real Life Application Agricultural industries can use less chemicals and more potassium or dry ice for a more natural produce Hossain - Lin

50. 50 Real Life Application If the results are negative it can teach people not to use potassium or dry ice to fertilize their plants Hossain - Lin

51. 51 Further Experimentation Instead of doing five runs we could done more for a bigger picture and not narrow and limited data Hossain - Lin

52. 52 Errors We added 250 mg of potassium to the high value plants instead of 180 mg for a day We estimated measuring the amount of dry ice due to its trait of sublimation The addition of water to melt dry ice was not equal Hossain - Lin

53. 53 Errors We moved the radish plant with sublimated dry ice for one day thus the carbon dioxide was released Hossain - Lin

54. 54 Acknowledgements We would like to thank our parents for making this experiment possible and the teachers for all their help Hossain - Lin

55. 55 Work Cited Armstrong, Donald L. "Functions of Potassium in Plants."International Plant Nutrient Institute, 14 Mar. 2011. Web. 14 Mar. 2011.. Ontario. Ministry of Agriculture Foods and Rural Affairs. Carbon Dioxide in Greenhouses. Queen's Printer for Ontario, 10 Aug. 2009. Web. 14 Mar. 2011.. Hossain - Lin

56. 56 Work Cited Thayer Watkins. "The Direct and Indirect Effects of Increased Carbon Dioxide." San José State University. 14 Mar. 2011. Web. 14 Mar. 2011.. United States. North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Kids World. North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 04 Feb. 2008. Web. 14 Mar. 2011.. United States. United States Department of Commerce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Dry Ice Safety. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 14 Mar. 2011. Web. 14 Mar. 2011.. Hossain - Lin

57. 57

58. 58Hossain - Lin

59. 59Hossain - Lin