1. Quantum Computing

2. Natural computing - Quantum computing
As of 2006, the largest Quantum Computing experiment used liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance quantum information processors, and could operate on up to 12 qubits.

3. Superconducting quantum computing
Superconducting Quantum Computing is a promising implementation of quantum information technology that involves nanofabricated superconducting electrodes coupled through Josephson junctions. As in a superconducting electrode, the phase and the charge are conjugate variables. There exist three families of superconducting qubits, depending on whether the charge, the phase, or neither of the two are good quantum numbers. These are respectively termed charge qubits, flux qubits, and hybrid qubits.

4. Nuclear magnetic resonance - Quantum computing
NMR Quantum Computing uses the spin states of molecules as qubits. NMR differs from other implementations of Quantum Computers in that it uses an ensemble of systems, in this case molecules.

5. Trapped ion quantum computer - History of trapped ion quantum computing
Many traditional ion trapping research groups have made the transition to Quantum Computing research, while, more recently, many other new research groups have joined the effort

6. Key size - Effect of quantum computing attacks on key strength
The two best known Quantum Computing attacks are based on Shor's algorithm and Grover's algorithm. Of the two, Shor's offers the greater risk to current security systems.

7. Key size - Effect of quantum computing attacks on key strength
According to Professor Gilles Brassard, an expert in Quantum Computing: "The time needed to factor an RSA integer is the same order as the time needed to use that same integer as modulus for a single RSA encryption

8. Key size - Effect of quantum computing attacks on key strength
Mainstream symmetric ciphers (such as AES or Twofish) and collision resistant hash functions (such as SHA) are widely conjectured to offer greater security against known Quantum Computing attacks

9. Linear optical quantum computing
[ Linear optical Quantum Computing with photonic qubits], Rev

10. Linear optical quantum computing - Overview of Linear Optics Quantum Computation
Quantum Computing with continuous variables is also possible under the linear optics scheme.Lloyd, S

11. Linear optical quantum computing - Overview of Linear Optics Quantum Computation
Their work has become known as the 'KLM scheme' or 'KLM protocol', which uses linear optical elements, single photon sources and photon detectors as resources to construct a Quantum Computation scheme involving only ancilla (Quantum Computing)|ancilla resources, quantum teleportations and error corrections

12. NMR - Quantum computing
'NMR Quantum Computing' uses the spin (physics)|spin states of molecules as qubits. NMR differs from other implementations of Quantum Computers in that it uses an Quantum ensemble|ensemble of systems, in this case molecules.

13. Timeline of quantum computing
This is a 'timeline of Quantum Computer|Quantum Computing'.

14. Timeline of quantum computing - 1980s
* 1980 – Yuri I. Manin|Yuri Manin proposed an idea of Quantum Computing

15. Timeline of quantum computing - 1990s
** First United States Government workshop on Quantum Computing is organized by NIST in Gaithersburg, Maryland, in autumn.

16. Timeline of quantum computing - 1990s
** In December, Ignacio Cirac, at University of Castilla-La Mancha at Ciudad Real, and Peter Zoller at the University of Innsbruck proposed an experimental realization of the Controlled NOT gate|controlled-NOT gate with Ion-trap Quantum Computing|trapped ions.

17. Timeline of quantum computing - 1990s
** First United States Department of Defense workshop on Quantum Computing and quantum cryptography is organized by United States Army physicists Charles M. Bowden, Jonathan P. Dowling, and Henry O. Everitt; it takes place in February at the University of Arizona in Tucson.

18. Timeline of quantum computing - 1990s
Braunstein, et al., [ Separability of Very Noisy Mixed States and Implications for NMR Quantum Computing], Phys

19. Timeline of quantum computing - 2000s
**Emanuel Knill, Raymond Laflamme, and Gerard Milburn show that Linear optical Quantum Computing|optical Quantum Computing is possible with single photon sources, linear optical elements, and single photon detectors, launching the field of linear optical Quantum Computing.

20. Timeline of quantum computing - 2006
*Two dimensional ion trap developed for Quantum Computing.

21. Timeline of quantum computing - 2006
*Spinning new theory on particle spin brings science closer to Quantum Computing.

22. Timeline of quantum computing - 2007
*New material proposed for Quantum Computing.

23. Timeline of quantum computing - 2007
*Nitrogen in buckyball used in Quantum Computing.

24. Timeline of quantum computing - 2007
*Light pulses used to accelerate Quantum Computing development.

25. Timeline of quantum computing - 2007
*Photonic Quantum Computing used to factor number by two independent labs.

26. Timeline of quantum computing - 2007
*New cryonic method reduces decoherence and increases interaction distance, and thus Quantum Computing speed.

27. Timeline of quantum computing - 2008
*Analog Quantum Computing devised

28. Timeline of quantum computing - 2008
*Possible non-entanglement Quantum Computing

29. Timeline of quantum computing - 2009
*A combination of all of the fundamental elements required to perform scalable Quantum Computing through the use of qubits stored in the internal states of trapped atomic ions shown

30. Timeline of quantum computing - 2009
*Quantum Computing with an Electron Spin Ensemble

31. Timeline of quantum computing - 2009
*Photon machine gun developed for Quantum Computing

32. Timeline of quantum computing - 2009
*Google collaborates with D-Wave Systems on image search technology using Quantum Computing

33. Timeline of quantum computing - 2011
*Magnetic Resonance applied to Quantum Computing

34. Timeline of quantum computing - 2014
* Documents leaked by Edward Snowden confirm the Penetrating Hard Targets project,[ Penetrating Hard Targets project] by which the NSA seeks to develop a Quantum Computing capability for cryptography purposes.[ NSA seeks to develop Quantum Computer to crack nearly every kind of encryption -- KurzweilAI.net January 3, 2014][ NSA seeks to build Quantum Computer that could crack most types of encryption -- Washington Post][ The NSA Is Building a Computer to Crack Almost Any Code - Time.com]

35. Quantum computing
The field of quantum computing was first introduced by Yuri Manin in 1980 and Richard Feynman in 1982

36. Quantum computing
quantum computing is still in its infancy but experiments have been carried out in which quantum computational operations were executed on a very small number of qubits (quantum bits).[ New qubit control bodes well for future of quantum computing] Both practical and theoretical research continues, and many national governments and military funding agencies support quantum computing research to develop quantum computers for both civilian and national security purposes, such as cryptanalysis.[ Quantum Information Science and Technology Roadmap] for a sense of where the research is heading.

37. Hyperfine interaction - Qubit in ion-trap quantum computing
The hyperfine states of a trapped ion are commonly used for storing qubits in ion-trap quantum computing. They have the advantage of having very long lifetimes, experimentally exceeding ~10 min (compared to ~1 s for metastable electronic levels).

38. Key length - Effect of quantum computing attacks on key strength
According to Professor Gilles Brassard, an expert in Quantum Computing: The time needed to factor an RSA integer is the same order as the time needed to use that same integer as modulus for a single RSA encryption

39. Key length - Effect of quantum computing attacks on key strength
Mainstream symmetric ciphers (such as Advanced Encryption Standard|AES or Twofish) and collision resistant hash functions (such as Secure Hash Algorithm|SHA) are widely conjectured to offer greater security against known Quantum Computing attacks

40. Phthalocyanine Blue BN - Quantum computing
The compound may also have uses in the development of quantum computing due to the length of time its electrons can exist in a state of quantum superposition.

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