1. The Age of Invention Main Idea: Important innovations in transportation and communication occurred during the 2 nd Industrial Revolution

2. Advances in Transportation As cities grew, walking became impractical Workers wanted faster ways to get to/from jobs People wanted easier access to stores & attractions Residents far from city felt isolated from city’s center Cities responded by devising mass transit -mass transit is public transportation systems that carry large numbers of people & makes regular stops -included: streetcars, subways, autos, airplanes

3. Streetcars & Subways Streetcars: 1 st mass transit; horse-drawn vehicles By 1830s, they were rolling along rails in the street San Francisco – 1 st cable car line (1873) -solved the need for more power in hilly cities By 1900, electric streetcars (trolleys) replaced cable cars since they were cheaper & ran faster Subway created in Boston to solve traffic problem -underground train (Boston 1897, NY – 1904) -today, NYC subway carries 4.5 million people/day

4. Autos & Airplanes Nikolaus Otto made internal combustion engine 1867 Inventors tried to adapt it to a “horseless carriage” 1893- Duryea brothers built 1 st practical motorcar in US Extremely expensive; cost $2,500 (5 yrs. salary) Orville & Wilbur Wright – Dec. 17, 1903 Kitty Hawk NC -1 st flights in freezing temps & strong winds -were bicycle makers from Ohio

6. Communications Revolution 1837- telegraph is patented by Samuel Morse This revolutionized communication 1876- Elisha Gray & Alexander Graham Bell -both created the modern day telephone -useful for both individuals & businesses Typewriter: by Christopher Sholes, a WI printer (1867) -produced legible docs quickly & created typing jobs filled by American women -later developed QWERTY keyboard

7. Thomas Edison Curious about how everything worked Created Menlo Park, 1st industrial research lab Created improved telegraph, light bulb, phonograph Invented motion picture camera & projector Set up electricity system in NYC in 1882 Created new stock ticker (earned $40,000 for it) 1 st invention (age 20) was an electric vote counting machine, but politicians were not interested

9. Mary Harris “Mother” Jones Passionate supporter of worker’s rights Championed labor unions from 1870-1920s Personal challenges -1867: lost her husband & 4 children in 1 week -1871: lost everything in the Chicago Fire “Go into our factories... see how women are ground up for the merciless money pirates, see how many of the poor wretches go to work with crippled bodies.” Working mother: “they are not of age, but I had to tell (my employers) they were, so they could help me get something to eat...”