1. Mouth and Esophagus

2. Do Now Think about the last time you or someone you know choked.
What happened?
How did they recover? Did someone help them?

4. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mouth
Mechanical and chemical digestion begins.
Saliva is secreted from salivary glands after the sight, smell, or presence of food. It contains lubricants, enzymes (example: amylase to digest starch), and other substances.
Teeth break down food particles.
Taste buds detect food chemicals.
Tongue helps mix food and aids chewing.
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

5. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Pharnyx
Part of digestive and respiratory systems.
Epiglottis blocks food from entering the trachea (windpipe) and lungs during swallowing.
If food enters the airway, it can be removed by coughing or the Heimlich maneuver
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

6. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Pharnyx
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 6

7. swallowing

8. Coughing/choking

9. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Heimlich maneuver
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

10. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Esophagus
Connects pharnyx to stomach
Bolus of food is moved by rhythmic muscle contractions called peristalsis
Food passes through a muscular ring called a spinchter at the end of the esophagus to enter the stomach
Peristalsis begins in the esophagus and continues throughout the GI tract.
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

11. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Esophagus
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

12. Esophageal Problems
Heartburn (also known as indigestion or acid reflux)
The lower esophageal sphincter doesn't close properly, allowing HCl from the stomach to flow into the esophagus.
Chronic heartburn and stomach acid reflux are typical of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Factors generally associated with GERD include:
Chocolate, fatty foods, coffee, soda, onions, garlic (all secretogogs: let your stomach make more acid)
Smoking, being overweight or obese, drinking alcohol, wearing tight-fitting clothing, eating large evening meals, reclining after eating
Dietary changes, behavior modification, antacids, prescription drugs, or surgery may help.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

13. Esophageal Problems (cont'd)
Esophageal cancer
This is one of the most common cancers of the digestive tract.
Sufferers are typically males over age 50 living in urban areas who smoke and drink heavily.
Treatment can include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

14. DOL-Answer on your Sheet
What kind of digestion takes place in the esophagus?
Mechanical
Chemical
Both mechanical and chemical
No digestion takes place
Which of the following parts of the mouth does NOT participate in digestion?
Teeth
Tastebuds
Saliva
Tongue
Explain in 2-3 sentences how/why the Heimlich maneuver works.