2. The structures and functions of the cell

3. Cell Theory Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke He looked at a slice of dried cork

4. CELL THEORY 1.Cells are the smallest “living” unit in an organisms. 2.All living things are comprised of cells. 3.Cells come from previously existing cells

5. Cell Diversity Lots of shapes and sizes

6. CELL TYPES PROKARYOTIC CELL NO NUCLEUS, MOST PRIMITIVE FORM OF LIFE

7. CELL TYPES EUKARYOTIC CELL DNA ORGANIZED IN A NUCLEUS, MORE COMPLEX THAN PROKARYOTIC CELLS

8. Typical Cell

9. Cell Membrane Outer boundary –Both Physical and Chemical Comprised of two layers of lipid (fat) –Outer and inner layers Proteins –Proteins give the cell its unique “personality” or function

10. Function of Membrane Proteins 1.Transport (in and out of cell) 2.Receptors 3.Cell adhesion 4.Cell recognition

11. Cell Membrane

12. WATER IN THE CELL Animation

13. CELL MEMBRANE Passive transport Active transport Animation Animation 2

14. BULK TRANSPORT endocytosis exocytosis Animation

15. Cytoplasm Is comprised of: 1.Cytosol 2.Organelles

16. Organelles 1.Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) A network of membrane-bound tunnels throughout the cytoplasm

17. Two Types of ER 1.Rough ER (rER) 2.Smooth ER (sER) Names based on appearance

18. ER Rough ER Smooth ER

19. rER Has particles attached to outside of membrane

20. sER sER doesn’t have ribosomes attached. sER function – lipid (fat) synthesis Animation

21. Endoplasmic reticulum Like an interstate highway

22. Ribosomes These particles attached to rER are ribosomes. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis within every cell.

23. Ribosomes Animation

24. Ribosomes Like an Assembly line

25. Golgi Apparatus Flattened membranes Involved in packaging and secretion of proteins

26. Golgi Apparatus Animation

27. Golgi Apparatus Like a Post office Which Packages And sorts mail

28. Lysosomes DIGEST SUGARS DIGEST BACTERIA DIGEST CELL PARTS DIGEST CELL Animation

29. LYSOSOMES

30. Mitochondria Bean shaped Outer and inner membranes

31. Mitochondria The mitochondria are the site where most of the cell’s ATP is generated, when organic compounds are broken down to carbon dioxide and water, using oxygen Types Animation

32. Mitochondria BATTERY

33. Plant Cell Organelles Plants have three special structures not found in animals: the chloroplast, the cell wall, and the central vacuole.

34. PLANT CELL ORGANELLES

35. CHLOROPLAST The site of photosynthesis, the process of converting carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen using sunlight. Most life depends on photosynthesis, directly or indirectly. It uses the green pigment chlorophyll to capture the energy from light Animation

36. Chloroplast Like a solar panel. Uses sunlight to make Something (electricity)

37. VACUOLE USED AS A LARGE STORAGE AREA USUALLY FOR WATER IN PLANTS Animation

38. VACUOLE STORAGE

39. CELL WALL

41. SUPPORT

42. Nucleus Control center of cell Contains DNA in chromosomes Genetic repository for ~ 35,000 genes Genes control the synthesis of proteins in each cell

43. Nucleus

44. Replication of DNA

45. NUCLEUS - COMPUTER

46. Organelles. Putting it all together