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1 Neuroscience and Behavior
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2 What are neurons? n How do they transmit information?
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3 Neurons n Nerve cells u Basic building blocks of the body’s information processing system. n Made up of u Dendrites u Axons
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4 Dendrites n Receive information
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5 Axon fibers n Transmit information to other u Neurons u Muscles u Glands
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6 How do neurons communicate to other cells to influence our behavior?
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7 Synapse (synaptic gap) n Chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) bridge the gap
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8 Neurotransmitters n Enable communication between neurons
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9 Endorphins n Neurotransmitters (similar to morphine) n Reduces pain u E.g. Childbirth
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10 What are the parts of our nervous system? n What do these parts do?
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11 Nervous system n Central nervous system u Brain and spinal column n Peripheral nervous system u Links central nervous system (spinal cord) to sense receptors, muscles and glands
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12 Nervous system
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13 Peripheral Nervous System n Sympathetic nervous system (Arousing) u Increases heartbeat & blood pressure n Parasympathetic nervous system (Calming)
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14 Central nervous system n Brain and spinal column n Severed spinal cord E.g. u Bill - No genital sensations, but has an erection when stimulated.
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15 Reflex n Simple reflex pathway u Knee-jerk reaction F A headless warm body could do it
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16 How do we explore the connection among brain, mind, and behavior? n Recording the brain’s activity n Creating images of the brain’s activity
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17 Recording the brain’s electrical activity n Electroencephalogram (EEG) n Brain waves
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18 Neuroimaging techniques (creating images) n CT scan n PET scan n MRI scan
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19 CT scan n Computed tomography n X-ray photographs
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20 PET scan n Positron emission tomography scan n Radioactive glucose
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21 MRI Scan n Magnetic fields and radio waves create images of the brain’s soft tissues.
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22 The brain n Amygdala n Hippocampus n Angular gyrus n Corpus callosum n Medulla
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23 Medulla n Most basic life sustaining functions
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24 Cerebral Cortex n Best distinguishes us from other animals
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25 Cerebral cortex lobes n Frontal n Parietal n Temporal n Occipital
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26 Phineas Gage n Damage to frontal lobe
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27 Corpus Callosum n Transmits information from one cerebral hemisphere to the other
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