1. Unit 10 - Chapter 17 Revolution & Enlightenment

2. Section 1 – Scientific Revolution (1500’s) Europeans began to question the scientific assumptions of the ancient authorities and to develop new theories about the universe. Francis Bacon – Scientific method –Use inductive reasoning to form a hypothesis –Run a series of tests

3. Copernicus Heliocentric solar system (sun centered). This was viewed as heresy.

4. Galileo Used the telescope to view the moon and Jupiter’s moons. Reinforced the views of Copernicus. Arrested and tried for heresy – he recants.

5. Isaac Newton Used gravity to explain the movements of planets. All things in universe are attracted to each other.

6. Rene Descartes Father of modern rationalism Reason is the chief source of knowledge. “I think, therefore I am.”

7. Section 2 The Enlightenment 18 th Century Philosophical movement Apply the scientific method to all life The physical world is like a giant machine GOAL = improve society

8. Philosophes Intellectuals of the enlightenment Goal was to improve society, change the world, make it better.

9. John Locke “people are molded by experiences” Natural rights “unalienable” Purpose of gov. is to protect rights

10. Montesquieu Separation of powers – “checks & balances” No one person has too much power

11. Voltaire Religious toleration Deism – God is a clockmaker, set the world in motion and it runs on natural law

12. Diderot Most famous contribution was the Encyclopedia

13. Adam Smith The economy has its own natural law Gov. should leave the economy alone “Laissez-faire” – the state should not interfere in economic matters

14. Beccaria Opposed capital punishment Rehabilitate “Is it not absurd, that the laws, which punish murder, should in order to prevent murder, publicly commit murder themselves?”

15. Rousseau Social Contract – an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will

16. Mary Wollstonecraft Founder of modern “woman’s rights” Woman have “reason” and therefore should be equal to men Her daughter was Mary Shelley. You may have heard of her. Do you know what book she wrote? Hint: It has to do with mad science.

17. Mary Shelley wrote: