1. Water Services National Training Group and National Federation of Group Water Schemes 7 th Annual Rural Water Services Conference 18 th September 2008

2. Treated Water Demand Management, Leakage Control & Conservation Joe Gallagher N.F.G.W.S

3. Introduction The Need for Water Demand Management? Implications of high Unaccounted for Water (UFW) Reducing UFW on Group Water Schemes New Training Course Reducing daily water demand on Group Water Schemes

4. Why is there a need for Leakage Control on Group Water Schemes? Example of DBO Schemes in Year 2 of O&M Contract GWS Design Demand m3/day Actual Usage m3/day % of Design Demand Comments A246391158%GWS in middle of upgrade – installing meters B68102150%Planning a full network upgrade & metering C182243133%Meters not yet installed D112141125%Only meters on farm connections E560613109%Not charging on the meters F362370102%Not charging on the meters G36624494%Upgrading works ongoing H675075%GWS charging on meters I21011755%GWS charging on meters

5. Reasons Schemes exceed design demand Deficient distribution networks – Major leaks – Lack of PRVs Lack of Metering – Bulk Meters – Universal Meters Charging policies – Over reliance on flat rate charging – Resistance to realistic usage charge Unknown Sources of Demand

6. Leakage in Distribution Mains Vs Consumer Side Leakage across 6 GWS in Co. Mayo GWSDistribution SystemConsumer Side 113%87% 215%85% 326%74% 430%70% 534%66% 645%55% Slide Sourced from Ryan Hanley Consulting Engineers

7. What are the Implications of UFW? Cost Capacity of treatment plant Sustainability of source Quality Supply & pressure

8. Galway GWS (90 Houses) May 2006Target Daily demand142 m 3 /day71 m 3 /day UFW % (m 3 /day)60% (85)20% (14) Cost of UFW (Savings) €10,835.40/year€1,761.91/year (€9,073.49) Distribution System35% UFW Consumer Side 65% UFW 10 connections accounted for 45% of daily demand.

9. Burst in Distribution Pipe Network At a pressure of 30m (3 bar) the following losses will occur: Size of holem 3 /day€ Cost /day (@ 80 Cent per m 3 ) 1mm1€0.80 3mm9€7.20 5mm25€20.00 7mm44€35.20 Av. Mains Leak 74€59.20 Slide Sourced from WSNTG Leakage Control in Rural Supply Networks

10. Extent of Water Loss From Leaks/Bursts At a pressure of 30m (3 bar) the following losses will occur: Size of holem 3 /dayCost/day (@ 80 Cent/m 3 ) Cost/yr (@80 Cent/m 3 ) 1mm1€0.80€292.00 3mm9€7.20€2,628.00 5mm25€20.00€7,300.00 7mm44€35.20€12,848.00 Av. Mains Leak 74€59.20€21,608.00 Slide Sourced from WSNTG Leakage Control in Rural Supply Networks

11. The Cost of Water Typical Litre of bottled water €1.20 What is this load worth? A 450m 3 reservoir @ €1.20/l would store water worth €540,000

12. Cost Implication for Scheme Members No.2005 ( m 3 ) 2006 ( m 3 ) Leakage m3m3 Cost 11147,6097,495€5,996.00 29,57715,3005,723€4,578.40 31734,8054,632€3,705.60 45,7778,6812,904€2,323.20 57092,1861,477€1,181.60 64,4955,6861,191€952.80 7363755392€313.60 Figures from a GWS: GWS charge is 80 cent/m 3 (€3.60 per 1,000 gallons)

13. Capacity of Treatment Plant Ability of Treatment Facility to cope – Design Demand – GWS with high UFW reach their Design Demand much more quickly – Plant failure, water outages and/or failures in water quality

14. Sustaining the Source Excessive abstraction – This will impact on surface and groundwater supplies and may result in: Slower recharge of the source Poor quality raw water being drawn into the treatment plant Increased costs for monitoring and treatment

15. Sustaining the Source

16. Supply & pressure Potential difficulty in admitting new members – A scheme with 50% UFW has the capacity to increase its domestic membership by a third when UFW is reduced to 25%! Members situated on the network beyond a leak in the system may be affected by poor pressure and breaks in supply

17. Calculating Legitimate Demand Average daily usage figures from the National Water Study: DemandsPeopleCowsDry StockOthers Litres/hd/d13690455 Schemes need to estimate the numbers served on the scheme in relation to: – Human population – Dairy Cows – Drystock – Others (e.g. Sheep/Calves/Poultry/Mushroom)

18. Setting Targets 25% UFW is considered acceptable, but is it enough? Kilmaley Inagh GWS – 1900 Houses with < 10% UFW: – Installing /Monitoring district & consumer meters – Isolating the network into District Metering Areas (DMAs) – Repairing leaks and replacing critical mains – Monitoring the distribution network on a consistent basis – Implementing realistic pricing policies, based on usage

19. Setting Targets Erne Valley GWS - > 1,100 Houses (2007 Figures) Original Usage5,700 m 3 /day Target 3,000 m 3 /day 2007 usage 3,300 m 3 /day 2008 usage 2,900 m 3 /day UFW (REDUCTION)2,800 m 3 /day 49% Reduction Saving to Scheme > €250,000 aprox. p.a.

20. M District Meter Reduce Distribution Network to < 25% UFW Reducing UFW in Distribution Network 4” Pipe 3” Pipe 2” Pipe Service Pipe Consumer Meter Box

21. M SV District Meter Reduce Distribution Network to < 25% UFW Typical District Metered Area Reducing UFW in Distribution Network 4” Pipe 3” Pipe 2” Pipe Service Pipe Consumer Meter Box

22. M SV PRV Critical Mains Rehab District Meter Pressure Reduction Valve Reducing Pressure from 70m to 40m should reduce leakage by 55% Consumer Meter Box Reduce Distribution Network to < 25% UFW Typical District Metered Area Possible solutions identified Consult with GWS Engineer Reducing UFW in Distribution Network Leaks

23. GWS with 90 Houses What Caused this Fluctuation in Measured Daily Usage on this GWS?

24. GWS with 90 Houses Meters Installed

25. GWS with 90 Houses Meters InstalledBills Issued

26. Mayo GWS (150 Houses) This Part - Private Mayo GWS successfully reduced its UFW through: –Active Leakage Control –Critical Mains Replacement –Pressure Reduction –Demand Management

27. Mayo GWS (150 Houses) Mayo GWSBefore After Operating System 1 booster zone 2 zones – gravity + booster No. of Domestic Connections 150 Demand into Supply 479m 3 /day185m 3 /day UFW 334m 3 /day (70%)20m 3 /day (11%) Cost of UFW/year @ 80cent/m 3 €70,373€5,840 The results can be seen in the table below:

28. Reducing daily water demand on Group Water Schemes Requirement for training in Water Demand Management Developed by the NFGWS as an introductory course to be delivered to the GWS sector in advance of the more detailed WSNTG course: “Leakage Control in Rural Supply Networks”

29. Course objective To provide a practical framework for schemes dealing with high levels of water wastage, in particular unaccounted for water (UFW) and To assist those schemes wishing to maintain and improve their current low levels of water wastage and UFW.

30. Course Format Four Modules – Module 1:What is UFW? – Module 2: What are the implications of UFW? – Module 3: How can UFW be quantified? – Module 4: How can UFW be reduced?

31. Conclusion High UFW will have cost, capacity and supply implications for GWS and the individual member High UFW may affect the sustainability of the source and also the quality of water supplied UFW must be reduced This Course is design to do exactly that – Delivered in your locality – < 3 Hours to complete – At €75 per head it’s a steal!!

32. Contact Details Joe Gallagher & Barry Deane Training Co-ordinators N.F.G.W.S. 12 Henry Street Tullamore Co. Offaly Tel / Fax: 057 9328068

33. Water Services National Training Group and National Federation of Group Water Schemes 7 th Annual Rural Water Services Conference 18 th September 2008