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Andrzej Weber Department of Anthropology University of Alberta Seals, meals and deals: mid-Holocene feasting on Lake Baikal University of California Davis, 8 Feb., 2006 Baikal Archaeology Project
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Acknowledgements Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Irkutsk State University, Russia University of Alberta, Canada
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Location Shamanskii Mys Lake Baikal
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Project scope and rationale
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Fieldwork location KUR K14 LOK UID SHA BUR BAS
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Analyses Archaeological Osteological Laboratory tests
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Teeth: Sr 87 /Sr 86 C 13 O 18 Bone: Sr87/Sr86 C 13 N 15 O 18 C 14 Vertebrae: DNA
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Summary of our knowledge to date Genetic and cultural discontinuity Very good health and demographic structure Variable subsistence and dietary patterns Unique level of social and political differentiation Mortuary variability Variable climatic conditions: periods of stability and instability
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Main unsolved questions What are the processes behind the genetic and cultural discontinuity during the 7 th millennium BP? Why did the local hunter-gatherers go through such a cycle of social complexity? What is the role of the environment in these processes?
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Enigma of Shamanskii Mys Spectacular location 11 graves excavated between 1972 and 1975 Mostly adult people Unusual grave goods Dog interments Seal remains and complete interments
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Examination of seal skeletal remains Mammalian tooth anatomy Tooth thin sections
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Mammalian tooth anatomy. C D2 E C D1 E D C D E PC C/E Tr C/E Tr CANINE MOLAR INCISOR CP E-enamel D-dentine C-cementum PC – pulp cavity CP – cementum pad C/E Tr – cementum enamel trnasition
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Tooth thin sections 40 – 50 microns
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Dentine formation in the seal of Lake Baikal
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Pup of the year and 1 year old Pre-natal dentine Neonatal line Opaque Translucent Opaque
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Adolescents 2 years old 3 years old
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Adults More than 10 years old6 years old
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Archaeological sites examined Camps Cemetery
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Season of death
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Age structure: Shamanskii Mys
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Age structure: Shamanskii Mys and modern sample
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Archaeological sites examined Camp Cemetery
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Age structure: more comparison
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Age structure: more analysis
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Role of ice in seal behaviour and ecology December 1989January 1989
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Distribution of seal population No female dens within the first 10 km east of the island Maximum density of dens of pregnant females is 1.5/km 2 WESTEAST Females Males and adolescents April 2003
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The story of age profiles
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Subsistence and diet of the Shamanskii Mys people
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Lecture 12: Subsistence and diet. Baikal case study.
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Diet of groups contemporary with Shamanskii Mys Other groups Shamanskii Mys
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Post-hiatus diets Baikal Angara and Lena
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Location of contemporary cemeteries Kurma Kuzhir-Nuge Uliarba
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Summary: Unusual status of Shamanskii Mys Special topographic location Special group of people Special grave goods Special sacrifices Special food What is the meaning of all of this?
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Feasting at Shamanskii Mys What is feasting? What is the role or function of feasting? What is the range of feasting among hunter- gatherers? What does feasting tell us about the Baikal hunter-gatherers? How does this fit with the rest of our knowledge about the Baikal hunter-gatherers?
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Thank you Dziękuję
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