1. Communication and Emotion
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2. Emotional Contagion
When our interpersonal communications are influenced by the emotions of those around us
The emotions of others are sometimes said to “infect” those around them
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3. Defining Emotion: More Than Just a Feeling
The critical internal structure that orients us to, and engages us with, what matters in our lives: our feelings about ourselves and others
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4. Defining Emotion: More Than Just a Feeling
Internal feelings of one person and feelings that can be experienced only in a relationship
Mixed emotions or emotional blends
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5. Two Category Systems for Emotions
Valence – reflects a positive or negative emotion
Intensity – how strongly the individual feels the emotion
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6. Emotion, Reason, and The Body
Dualism – is a way of thinking common in Western thought that looks at everything in their extremes or polar opposites (Kant & Descartes)
hot or cold
good or bad
moral or immoral
black or white
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7. Emotion, Reason, and The Body
Emotion seems to effect physical health
Reason seems to also be dependent on emotion to some extent
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8. Explaining Emotion: Biology and Social Interaction
Biological theory of emotion
Emotion is mainly related to instinct
Emotions are similar across many cultures
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9. Explaining Emotion: Biology and Social Interaction
Emotion exists separately from thought and we need thought to bring “preexisting” emotion
Biology effects emotional expression
Smiling for example is not taught to us
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10. Explaining Emotion: Biology and Social Interaction
Social interaction theory of emotion
Recognizes that biology effects emotion
Focuses on how people interact in a social context before, during, and after they experience emotion
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11. Emotion and Communication
Emotional experience – feeling and/or experiencing the emotion
Emotional communication – talking about the experience of emotion with someone else
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12. Emotion and Communication
Communicating emotionally – emotion is not the content of the message, but a property of it
Emotional effects – how your emotional experience affects your communication behavior
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13. Metaphors for Emotion
We often use metaphors to talk about emotions and to help distinguish between subtle differences in emotion
He’s a pain in the neck.
Jack was sick with fright.
I was tickled pink.
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14. Metaphors for Emotion
This figurative language may give the impression that emotion is independent of the person
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15. How Emotion is Communicated
Nonverbal cues
Facial expressions such as smiling
Paralanguage or tone of voice
Verbal cues
Sarcasms
Rhetorical questions
Combinations of cues
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16. Influences on Emotional Communication
Meta-emotion – emotion about emotion
Talking about how we feel about expressing our emotions
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17. Influences on Emotional Communication
Culture – influences emotional expression
Cultures and thinking about emotion
How emotion is communicated across cultures
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18. Gender and sex – influence the emotional communication
Emotion and gender stereotypes of masculinity and femininity
Emotional expression and gender
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19. Context Online communication Historical period
Feeling rules- the norms people use to shape their emotional expressions and reactions
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20. The Dark Side of Emotional Communication
Emotions such as: embarrassment, guilt, hurt, jealousy, anger, depression and loneliness
Some dark side emotions are the polar opposite of some bright side emotions
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21. The Bright Side of Emotional Communication
Emotions such as: comfort, social support, warmth, affection, forgiveness, or desire
The mix of bright and dark shows a complexity of emotional expressions
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22. Choices for Developing Emotional Communication Skills
Competence in expressing emotions and in listening and responding to the emotional communications of others is crucial to your success as an interpersonal communicator.
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23. Choices for Developing Emotional Communication Skills
Emotional intelligence or E-IQ is necessary to be a competent communicator (Goleman)
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24. Choices for Developing Emotional Communication Skills
Know your feelings
Recognize your emotion
Establish that you are stating an emotion
Identify why you are feeling the emotion
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25. Choices for Developing Emotional Communication Skills
Analyze the situation
Do you wish to share your emotion with others?
Is the time appropriate for sharing?
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26. Choices for Developing Emotional Communication Skills
Analyze the situation
How should you approach the communication?
Is there anything you can do to change the situation if needed?
Own your feelings
Owning is the skill of verbally taking responsibility for your feelings
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27. Choices for Developing Emotional Communication Skills
Use I-messages to show you understand that you are responsible for your feelings
“I feel _______________
when you _____________,
and I would like __________.”
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28. Choices for Developing Emotional Communication Skills
Reframe when needed – put the situation in a more productive light
Empathize – your ability to put yourself in someone else’s place so you can understand their point of view.
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29. Behavioral Letter Theory
- D & P
Descriptive
Prescriptive
- P & E
Pride
Enthusiasm
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