1. Bacterial Genetics

2. Bacteria Have Circular Chromosomes
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Chromosome
Origin of
Replication
Termination of
Replication

3. Replication Replication goes in both directions Original Chromosome
Start of replication
Theta (q) structure
End of replication
Two chromosomes
Mid replication

4. Binary Fission

5. Ways Bacteria Exchange Genetic Material
Transformation - Bacteria take up DNA from their environment and incorporate it into their genome (i.e. the Griffith experiment)
Conjugation - The direct transfer of DNA by bacteria usually via plasmids
Transduction - Movement of DNA between bacteria by viruses

6. 1 Transformation
Crossing
over
Insertion

7. 1 Transformation

8. 1 Transformation

9. 1 Transformation

10. 1 Transformation

11. 1 Transformation

12. Crossover Frequency
Following binary fission, one daughter cell will have the recombinant strand and thus have a recombinant chromosome
Mapping bacterial genes following transformation is not significantly different from eykaryotic mapping. The closer two genes are to one another, the lower the probability of a crossover event between them and thus the higher the probability that they will be co-transformed
A B C
Transformation with A and C is unlikely
A B C

13. 2 Conjugation F plasmid F plasmid F+ bacteria F- bacteria
Mating Bridge
F- bacteria F
plasmid

14. 2 Conjugation F plasmid F plasmid F+ bacteria F- bacteria
Mating Bridge F
plasmid

15. 2 Conjugation F plasmid F plasmid F+ bacteria F- bacteria
Mating Bridge F
plasmid

16. 2 Conjugation F plasmid F plasmid F+ bacteria F- bacteria
Mating Bridge F
plasmid

17. 2 Conjugation F plasmid F plasmid F plasmid F+ bacteria F- bacteria
Mating Bridge F
plasmid F
plasmid

18. Transfer of genetic material
Hfr Recombination
F+ bacteria
F plasmid Integration
Hfr cell
Transfer of genetic material
F- bacteria

19. Transfer of genetic material
Hfr Recombination
F+ bacteria
F plasmid Integration
Hfr cell
Interruption of conjugation
F- bacteria
Crossing over
Transfer of genetic material

20. Hfr Recombination F+ bacteria F plasmid Integration Hfr cell
Recombinant
Bacteria

21. 3 Transduction Generalized
Destruction of the bacteria’s DNA
Infection
Replication of the viral genome
Production of viral parts
Packaging
Lysis

22. 3 Transduction Specialized
Temperate
Phage
Part of the bacteria’s DNA
Replication of the viral genome
Production of viral parts
Packaging
Lysis