1. Imperialism 1850-1914

2. What is imperialism? The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger country The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger country Why do Europeans do this? Why do Europeans do this? Industrialization sparks the need for: Industrialization sparks the need for: Land Land Natural resources Natural resources New markets New markets

3. A New Period of Imperialism Forms of Control Forms of Control Colony Colony Governed by a foreign power Governed by a foreign power Protectorate Protectorate Governs itself, but under outside control Governs itself, but under outside control Sphere of Influence Sphere of Influence Outside power controls investments & trading Outside power controls investments & trading Economic Imperialism Economic Imperialism Private business interests assert control Private business interests assert control

4. I. The Scramble for Africa Africa Before European Dominion Africa Before European Dominion Divided into hundreds of ethnic groups Divided into hundreds of ethnic groups Nations ranged from large empires to independent villages Nations ranged from large empires to independent villages Europeans only had contact on African coasts Europeans only had contact on African coasts

5. The Scramble for Africa (cont) Europeans who penetrated Africa were: Europeans who penetrated Africa were: Explorers – seeking wealth and notoriety Explorers – seeking wealth and notoriety Missionaries – trying to convert Africans to Christianity Missionaries – trying to convert Africans to Christianity Humanitarians – “westernize” the “savages” Humanitarians – “westernize” the “savages”

6. The Division of Africa The Berlin Conference (1884) The Berlin Conference (1884) Europeans leaders divide Africa Europeans leaders divide Africa By 1914 – Only independent nations By 1914 – Only independent nations Liberia Liberia Ethiopia Ethiopia

7. According to this cartoon, which European countries were fighting for a position in Africa? How did the Berlin Conference lead to the situation shown in the cartoon?

8. Effects of European Imperialism in Africa

9. African Resistance Africans Confront Imperialism Africans Confront Imperialism Broad resistance, but Europeans have superior weapons Broad resistance, but Europeans have superior weapons Unsuccessful Movements Unsuccessful Movements Algeria Algeria German East Africa German East Africa Successful Movements Successful Movements Ethiopia under Emperor Menelik II Ethiopia under Emperor Menelik II

10. Legacy of Imperialism Negative Effects Negative Effects Africans lose land and independence Africans lose land and independence Many lives are lost Many lives are lost Traditional cultures breakdown Traditional cultures breakdown Division of Africa creates problems that continue today Division of Africa creates problems that continue today Positive Effects Positive Effects Reduces local fighting Reduces local fighting Sanitation improves Sanitation improves Hospitals and schools created Hospitals and schools created Technology brings economic growth Technology brings economic growth

11. II. British Imperialism in India Britain Controlled India Britain Controlled India British East India Company British East India Company Controls India thru economic imperialism Controls India thru economic imperialism India was seen as the most important colony India was seen as the most important colony Known as the “Jewel in the Crown” Known as the “Jewel in the Crown”

12. Effects of British Rule Impact of Colonialism Impact of Colonialism Cash crops (cotton) resulted in famine Cash crops (cotton) resulted in famine Indian culture is disrupted due to racism and missionaries Indian culture is disrupted due to racism and missionaries Britain sought to “modernize” India Britain sought to “modernize” India

13. III. British Imperialism in South Africa Three Groups Clash for Power Three Groups Clash for Power Africans Africans Boers Boers Dutch settlers that had controlled South Africa since the mid 1600s Dutch settlers that had controlled South Africa since the mid 1600s British British

14. The Boer War The British vs. the Boers The British vs. the Boers Fought over the control of gold and diamond mines Fought over the control of gold and diamond mines British win in 1910 British win in 1910

16. IV. The Suez Canal What is the Suez Canal? What is the Suez Canal? Waterway in Egypt connecting the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea to the Indian Ocean Waterway in Egypt connecting the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea to the Indian Ocean Why was it Built? Why was it Built? To improve trade with Asia To improve trade with Asia How was it built? How was it built? Built mainly with French money Built mainly with French money Gave control of the canal to France Gave control of the canal to France

17. The Suez Canal

18. THE END