1. The French Revolution
A Radical Turn

2. Paris Commune, or Sans-Culottes, led by Georges Danton
Seek revenge against king and any who oppose the revolution
Jean-Paul Marat, another leader of the people, also published a radical newspaper Friend of the People
A Move to Radicalism

3. National Convention called to draft new constitution, also was ruling body of France
1st major act abolish monarchy and establish France as a republic
Split into 2 main factions: Girondins represented provinces and those living outside the city; Mountain represented radical Parisians; both part of Jacobin Club
Argue or split over fate of the king
Fate of the KIng

4. 1793 Mountain convinces National Convention to condemn Louis to death
January 21st, 1793 King Louis XVI is killed by guillotine
Execution of King Louis creates new problems, at home and abroad
Off With His Head

5. Internal disputes over the rule of the National Convention
Foreign interest after execution of Louis, creation of a coalition of European nations ready to invade France
Creation of special committee of 12 – Committee of Public Safety
At first Georges Danton in charge, but Maximilien Robespierre soon takes control
Crisis & Response

6. Lasts for nearly a year between 1793 – 1794; Committee dedicated to protecting France from foreign and domestic threats
Approx. 40,000 people killed during Reign of Terror, over 16,000 by guillotine
Cities that opposed the revolution were brought under control through military use
Lyon – 1,880 executed; Nantes – Victims executed by drowning on a barge
The Reign of Terror

7. Dechristianization National Convention closes many churches
Notre Dame is now a “temple of reason”
Adopt a new calendar; eliminated Sundays and Sunday worship, as well as church holidays
Overall, it failed France remained largely Catholic
Dechristianization

8. French Army Committee of Public Safety decreed universal mobilization
Within 1 year, army was over a million strong, largest army in European history
Able to finally push foreign armies out of France
French Army

9. End of Terror 1794 France had defeated its foreign foes
Robespierre obsessed with ridding France of all corruption
Fearing Robespierre, many agree he has gone to far and vote to condemn him
Robespierre is guillotined July 28th, 1794; end of the Reign of Terror
End of Terror

10. New constitution adopted in 1795, established 2 chamber legislative branch
Lower chamber = Council of 500; Upper chamber = Council of Elders
Elected 5 person executive committee, or Directory
Era of Directory ( ) is filled with corruption and problems
1799 Coup d'état by Napoleon Bonaparte overthrown Directory
The Directory