1. Urban Infrastructure and Its Protection Responding to the Unexpected Interest Group Report

2. Infrastructure Definition – Transportation and communications (all modes) – Utilities (electric, water, sewer, steam) – Built environment – Institutions that operate, manage infrastructure Function in urban economy Network characteristics Complex systems Critical element in disaster response

3. Research on Infrastructure Monitoring technologies – Instrumentation for rapid detection – Response capability as added benefit to monitoring systems – Automated, linked Critical Infrastructure – Methods for determining criticality, considering interdependencies within and between systems – Comprehensive vulnerability assessment in real-time – Simulations for assessing criticality – ICT as most critical infrastructure

4. More research on infrastructure Security and surveillance of commodity flows – Electronic clearance, WIM, scanners – Potential for rapid response, recovery Dynamic meta-logistics – Optimization of flows for crisis response – Appropriate IS for optimization – Access to infrastructure system control; infrastructure system management

5. More on infrastructure Evaluating infrastructure performance – Performance measurement – How outcomes are related to initial conditions, management practices, decision rules

6. Cross-cutting research ICT systems – How to develop robust systems “fail over” capability, self repairing systems Efficient redundancies Effective linkages, compatibilities – Interoperability How to link different hardware, software, data bases How to achieve linkages between organizations, decision- makers – The “right information” Who, what, when, where, at what cost

7. More cross-cutting research Models and simulations – Real-time dynamic optimization for decision support Contingent decision-making, damage chains Resource supply, demand, allocation, distribution – Scenario analysis, training for decision-makers – Agent-based models (models that learn) Virtually accessible expert knowledge – in real time Lessons learned, careful case studies – Agile research